﻿XIX 
  

  

  Regarding 
  the 
  venation 
  of 
  the 
  wingn, 
  that 
  given 
  by 
  Dr. 
  Fitch 
  was 
  

   supported 
  by 
  Dr. 
  Shinier. 
  Their 
  description 
  is 
  such 
  as 
  one 
  would 
  

   give 
  when 
  using 
  low 
  magnifying 
  powers. 
  As 
  detailed 
  elsewhere, 
  

   Professor 
  Osborn 
  corrects 
  the 
  errors 
  of 
  their 
  description. 
  Such 
  varia- 
  

   tions 
  from 
  Professor 
  Osborn's 
  description 
  as 
  my 
  specimens 
  show, 
  I 
  

   think 
  to 
  be 
  due 
  to 
  the 
  variability 
  of 
  the 
  species. 
  That 
  it 
  is 
  unusually 
  

   variable, 
  both 
  in 
  form 
  and 
  habits, 
  seems 
  to 
  me 
  apparent. 
  

  

  (jholodkovsky's 
  monograph 
  on 
  the 
  chekmes 
  attacking 
  the 
  

  

  conifer 
  -e.* 
  

  

  On 
  a 
  preceding 
  page 
  it 
  is 
  suggested 
  that 
  a 
  complete 
  explanation 
  of 
  

   certain 
  peculiarities 
  of 
  Chermes 
  'pinicorticis 
  seems 
  to 
  require 
  the 
  in- 
  

   tervention 
  of 
  another 
  host 
  plant. 
  After 
  I 
  had 
  finished 
  the 
  preced- 
  

   ing 
  pages 
  substantially 
  in 
  their 
  present 
  form, 
  I 
  received 
  from 
  

   Prof. 
  S. 
  A. 
  Forbes 
  a 
  copy 
  of 
  the 
  Zoolofjischer 
  Centralblatt, 
  June 
  15, 
  

   1896, 
  which 
  contains 
  an 
  abstract 
  of 
  a 
  work 
  by 
  N. 
  Cholodkovsky 
  on 
  

   several 
  European 
  forms 
  of 
  the 
  genus 
  Chermes. 
  The 
  contents 
  of 
  this 
  

   abstract 
  strengthen 
  the 
  view 
  that 
  the 
  white-pine 
  louse 
  attacks 
  some 
  

   other 
  plant, 
  and 
  indeed 
  may 
  be 
  known 
  to 
  American 
  entomologists 
  

   under 
  some 
  other 
  name. 
  Briefly, 
  the 
  contents 
  pertinent 
  to 
  the 
  sub- 
  

   ject 
  of 
  another 
  hostplant 
  are 
  as 
  follows: 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  monograph 
  by 
  N. 
  Cholodkovsky. 
  it 
  is 
  stated 
  that 
  Chermes 
  

   coccmeus 
  Cholodk.. 
  C. 
  sibericus 
  Choiodk., 
  C. 
  viridis 
  Ratz., 
  C. 
  pini 
  

   Koch, 
  and 
  C. 
  strohilobius 
  Kalt.. 
  pass 
  through 
  a 
  cycle 
  of 
  two 
  years 
  

   in 
  their 
  life 
  history, 
  and 
  during 
  that 
  time 
  are 
  found 
  on 
  two 
  different 
  

   plants. 
  Two 
  kinds, 
  C. 
  ahietis 
  Kalt. 
  and 
  C. 
  lapponicus 
  Cholodk., 
  

   complete 
  their 
  life 
  cj'-cle 
  in 
  one 
  year, 
  and 
  are 
  found 
  upon 
  one 
  host 
  

   ])lant 
  onlj'. 
  

  

  Of 
  those 
  which 
  consume 
  two 
  3'ears" 
  time 
  in 
  development, 
  and 
  at- 
  

   tack 
  two 
  different 
  plants, 
  the 
  following 
  is 
  given 
  as 
  a 
  generalized 
  life 
  

   history. 
  The 
  first 
  form 
  is 
  found 
  uj)on 
  the 
  fir, 
  and 
  is 
  known 
  as 
  the 
  

   "f'imdairi.r.''' 
  In 
  the 
  spring 
  she 
  deposits 
  her 
  eggs 
  in 
  galls. 
  These 
  egg- 
  

   hatch 
  into 
  larvse, 
  which, 
  after 
  having 
  moulted 
  four 
  times, 
  become 
  

   " 
  iai(irantes 
  alato'.'' 
  and 
  pass 
  to 
  the 
  pine, 
  where 
  they 
  deposit 
  their 
  

   eggs 
  upon 
  the 
  needles. 
  The 
  eggs 
  in 
  turn 
  give 
  rise 
  to 
  the 
  "emi- 
  

   fjrantes,'''' 
  which 
  remain 
  for 
  the 
  ^vinter 
  under 
  the 
  bark 
  of 
  twigs 
  (C. 
  

   strobilohms) 
  or 
  on 
  the 
  needles 
  (C. 
  coccineus) 
  . 
  From 
  the 
  eggs 
  de- 
  

   posited 
  by 
  the 
  '"emig 
  rentes''' 
  are 
  produced 
  forms 
  which 
  suck 
  either 
  

   leaves 
  or 
  bark, 
  and 
  after 
  three 
  moults 
  fail 
  into 
  two 
  different 
  series, 
  

   the 
  "exules''' 
  and 
  "sexupar(v,.'" 
  The 
  ''exales" 
  remain 
  on 
  the 
  pine, 
  

   spending 
  the 
  summer 
  in 
  laying 
  eggs 
  from 
  which 
  similar 
  individuals 
  

   are 
  developed. 
  The 
  winter 
  is 
  passed 
  by 
  this 
  form 
  upon 
  the 
  pine, 
  

   partly 
  in 
  the 
  egg, 
  partly 
  in 
  the 
  larval 
  form. 
  Some 
  of 
  the 
  larvsp 
  

   hatched 
  from 
  the 
  eggs 
  of 
  the 
  emigmnfes 
  after 
  the 
  third 
  moult 
  pass 
  

   into 
  a 
  pupal 
  stage, 
  from 
  which 
  they 
  emerge 
  as 
  winged 
  sexuparn'. 
  

   which 
  return 
  to 
  the 
  fir, 
  (May 
  to 
  June) 
  . 
  Here 
  they 
  lay 
  their 
  eggs 
  on 
  

   the 
  needles 
  of 
  the 
  young 
  shoots, 
  and 
  from 
  the 
  eggs 
  emerge 
  the 
  form 
  

   known 
  as 
  the 
  "sexiiales,'"' 
  consisting 
  of 
  males 
  and 
  females. 
  After 
  the 
  

   impregnation 
  of 
  the 
  female, 
  she 
  hides 
  in 
  a 
  cleft 
  of 
  the 
  bark 
  and 
  lays 
  

   a 
  single 
  egg. 
  From 
  this 
  egg 
  is 
  hatched 
  the 
  fi(n(l<ifrix 
  late 
  in 
  the 
  

  

  * 
  Beitrage 
  zu 
  eiuor 
  MonoKraphie 
  der 
  C'niifi'rcn-Liiuse. 
  

  

  