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  In 
  accordance 
  with 
  the 
  propositions 
  of 
  this 
  circular, 
  preparations 
  

   were 
  made 
  during 
  the 
  summer 
  of 
  1897 
  for 
  a 
  thorough 
  and 
  general 
  in- 
  

   secticide 
  treatment 
  of 
  all 
  infested 
  premises, 
  to 
  begin 
  as 
  soon 
  as 
  the 
  

   leaves 
  had 
  fallen 
  from 
  the 
  trees, 
  this 
  postponement 
  being 
  essential 
  to 
  

   any 
  reasonable 
  assurance 
  that 
  all 
  the 
  scales 
  on 
  an 
  infested 
  tree 
  would 
  

   actually 
  be 
  reached. 
  

  

  Description 
  of 
  Apparatus. 
  

  

  The 
  principal 
  apparatus 
  used 
  is 
  a 
  large 
  and 
  complicated 
  machine 
  

   sprayer 
  consisting 
  of 
  a 
  one-horse 
  power 
  gasoline 
  engine, 
  a 
  three-cylinder 
  

   force 
  pump, 
  and 
  a 
  large 
  double 
  galvanized-iron 
  tank 
  with 
  a 
  powerful 
  

   gasoline 
  heater 
  beneath 
  for 
  making 
  the 
  solution 
  of 
  whale-oil 
  soap. 
  

   Besides 
  this 
  apparatus, 
  intended 
  for 
  use 
  in 
  large 
  orchards 
  or 
  in 
  com- 
  

   munities 
  where 
  a 
  considerable 
  number 
  of 
  infested 
  places 
  were 
  separated 
  

   by 
  short 
  distances, 
  we 
  had 
  in 
  use 
  from 
  one 
  to 
  three 
  hand-sprayers 
  of 
  

   the 
  kind 
  ordinarily 
  used 
  in 
  orchard 
  work. 
  

  

  The 
  machine 
  sprayer 
  (Plate 
  II.) 
  is 
  mounted 
  on 
  a 
  two-horse 
  baggage 
  

   wagon, 
  under 
  the 
  seat 
  of 
  which 
  are 
  placed 
  the 
  battery 
  and 
  the 
  gasoline 
  

   tank 
  to 
  supply 
  the 
  burners. 
  Immediately 
  back 
  of 
  these, 
  on 
  the 
  first 
  

   third 
  of 
  the 
  floor 
  space, 
  is 
  the 
  engine. 
  The 
  large 
  heating 
  tank 
  comes 
  

   next. 
  It 
  is 
  set 
  close 
  to 
  the 
  right 
  side 
  that 
  there 
  may 
  be 
  room 
  on 
  the 
  

   left 
  for 
  the 
  belt 
  which 
  connects 
  the 
  engine 
  with 
  the 
  pump. 
  The 
  pump 
  

   occupies 
  the 
  remaining 
  room 
  in 
  the 
  back. 
  The 
  wagon 
  thus 
  loaded 
  

   weighs 
  2,400 
  lbs. 
  

  

  The 
  gasoline 
  engine 
  (Plate 
  III., 
  Fig. 
  i) 
  which 
  drives 
  the 
  pump 
  wa? 
  

   manufactured 
  in 
  the 
  University 
  Shops. 
  It 
  has 
  a 
  four-inch 
  cylinder 
  with 
  a 
  

   four-inch 
  piston 
  stroke. 
  The 
  gasoline 
  vapor 
  is 
  made 
  by 
  the 
  flow 
  of 
  air 
  

   over 
  a 
  gasoline 
  jet 
  from 
  a 
  needle 
  valve 
  on 
  the 
  right 
  side, 
  this 
  jet 
  being 
  

   caused 
  by 
  gravitation 
  from 
  a 
  supply 
  tank 
  placed 
  higher 
  than 
  the 
  engine 
  and 
  

   above 
  the 
  wagon 
  seat. 
  Gas 
  is 
  drawn 
  into 
  the 
  cylinder 
  from 
  the 
  vapor 
  

   chamber 
  to 
  fill 
  the 
  partial 
  vacuum 
  caused 
  by 
  the 
  previous 
  explosion, 
  a 
  

   valve 
  to 
  allow 
  this 
  being 
  opened 
  each 
  time 
  the 
  piston 
  passes 
  the 
  center. 
  

   The 
  vapor 
  when 
  under 
  a 
  back 
  pressure 
  of 
  forty 
  pounds 
  is 
  exploded 
  by 
  

   an 
  electric 
  spark 
  caused 
  by 
  an 
  inter-cylinder 
  contrivance 
  making 
  and 
  

   breaking 
  the 
  current 
  from 
  a 
  sixteen-cell 
  battery. 
  The 
  pulley 
  wheel 
  is 
  

   nine 
  inchesin 
  diameter 
  and 
  makes 
  about 
  four 
  hundred 
  revolutions 
  per 
  

   minute. 
  The 
  engine 
  is 
  rated 
  at 
  one-horse 
  power. 
  

  

  Just 
  back 
  of 
  the 
  engine 
  is 
  the 
  tank, 
  firmly 
  attached 
  to 
  a 
  three- 
  

   eighths 
  by 
  one 
  and 
  a 
  fourth-inch 
  iron 
  frame 
  raised 
  sixteen 
  inches 
  from 
  

   the 
  floor 
  of 
  the 
  wagon. 
  There 
  are 
  six 
  legs 
  of 
  the 
  same 
  material 
  as 
  the 
  

   frame, 
  each 
  bolted 
  to 
  the 
  floor. 
  Beside 
  these 
  legs 
  two 
  braces 
  extend 
  

   forward 
  from 
  the 
  upper 
  part 
  and 
  are 
  bolted 
  to 
  the 
  flour, 
  one 
  on 
  either 
  

  

  