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  color. 
  The 
  carboleum 
  should 
  be 
  diluted 
  with 
  rain 
  water, 
  as 
  otherwise 
  

   a 
  troublesome 
  gummy 
  precipitate 
  forms. 
  

  

  Miscellaneous 
  Field 
  Memoranda. 
  

  

  From 
  Mr. 
  Forbes's 
  miscellaneous 
  notes 
  I 
  cull 
  the 
  following 
  minor 
  

   observations 
  of 
  interest: 
  

  

  Male 
  scales 
  were 
  just 
  beginning 
  to 
  hatch 
  at 
  Sparta, 
  in 
  Randolph 
  

   county, 
  April 
  30, 
  189S, 
  two 
  winged 
  specimens 
  having 
  been 
  first 
  seen 
  on 
  

   that 
  day. 
  Under 
  a 
  greater 
  part 
  of 
  all 
  the 
  male 
  scales 
  examined 
  were 
  

   winged 
  insects 
  nearly 
  ready 
  to 
  emerge. 
  Of 
  a 
  hundred 
  such 
  scales 
  ex- 
  

   amined 
  May 
  5th, 
  eighty 
  were 
  empty, 
  eight 
  contained 
  winged 
  males, 
  and 
  

   twelve 
  contained 
  pupae 
  not 
  yet 
  transformed. 
  

  

  Female 
  scales 
  had 
  just 
  begun 
  to 
  give 
  birth 
  to 
  young 
  at 
  Sparta 
  May 
  

   27th. 
  Probably 
  none 
  of 
  these 
  were 
  more 
  than 
  two 
  days 
  old, 
  as 
  all 
  were 
  

   still 
  in 
  the 
  active 
  stage. 
  On 
  the 
  other 
  hand, 
  reproduction 
  had 
  nearly 
  

   ceased 
  November 
  2d, 
  at 
  which 
  time, 
  although 
  no 
  active 
  larvae 
  were 
  seen, 
  

   a 
  few 
  scales 
  could 
  still 
  be 
  found 
  so 
  young 
  that 
  it 
  was 
  evident 
  that 
  they 
  

   had 
  fixed 
  themselves 
  only 
  a 
  few 
  hours 
  before. 
  

  

  Observations 
  made 
  in 
  spring 
  and 
  early 
  summer, 
  especially 
  on 
  Mr. 
  

   J. 
  M. 
  Temple's 
  grounds, 
  showed 
  that 
  a 
  very 
  large 
  number 
  of 
  the 
  partly 
  

   grown 
  young 
  San 
  Jose 
  scale 
  of 
  the 
  preceding 
  year 
  had 
  perished, 
  nearly 
  

   all 
  of 
  those 
  on 
  the 
  tree 
  trunks 
  and 
  on 
  the 
  older 
  limbs 
  being, 
  in 
  fact, 
  

   dead 
  the 
  first 
  of 
  June. 
  Those 
  on 
  the 
  young 
  growth, 
  however, 
  throve, 
  

   matured, 
  and 
  multiplied. 
  As 
  a 
  general 
  result 
  of 
  observations 
  of 
  this 
  

   character, 
  it 
  appeared 
  that 
  very 
  many 
  of 
  the 
  scales 
  of 
  1S97 
  were 
  dead 
  in 
  

   nearly 
  all 
  the 
  orchards 
  visited, 
  and 
  that 
  many 
  of 
  the 
  old 
  trees 
  in 
  that 
  

   region 
  were 
  seemingly 
  in 
  a 
  better 
  condition 
  on 
  this 
  account 
  than 
  in 
  the 
  

   preceding 
  year. 
  There 
  was 
  no 
  appearance 
  here 
  of 
  any 
  other 
  cause 
  of 
  

   death 
  than 
  mere 
  starvation, 
  due, 
  as 
  was 
  surmised, 
  to 
  the 
  protracted 
  

   drouth 
  and 
  excessive 
  heat 
  of 
  the 
  summer 
  of 
  1897. 
  

  

  Experiments 
  made 
  June 
  17th 
  at 
  blowing 
  the 
  young 
  scales 
  in 
  the 
  

   active 
  stage 
  from 
  the 
  surface 
  of 
  the 
  tree 
  made 
  it 
  evident 
  that 
  they 
  might 
  

   be 
  occasionally 
  detached 
  by 
  a 
  very 
  heavy 
  wind 
  and 
  carried 
  thus 
  to 
  con- 
  

   siderable 
  distances. 
  It 
  was 
  noticed, 
  however, 
  that 
  when 
  exposed 
  to 
  

   strong 
  wind 
  the 
  young 
  scales 
  sought 
  the 
  sheltered 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  limb. 
  At 
  

   this 
  date 
  scales 
  were 
  found 
  attached 
  and 
  growing 
  on 
  ragweed 
  {Ai/il>rosia), 
  

   peppergrass 
  {Lepidium) 
  and 
  horse-nettle 
  {Solanu 
  iii), 
  all 
  under 
  infested 
  

   trees. 
  

  

  The 
  rate 
  of 
  travel 
  of 
  the 
  young 
  was 
  tested 
  June 
  20th 
  by 
  transferring 
  

   ten 
  active 
  specimens 
  to 
  a 
  piece 
  of 
  painted 
  glass, 
  watching 
  them 
  for 
  a 
  

   minute 
  each, 
  and 
  carefully 
  measuring 
  the 
  distances 
  traversed. 
  These 
  

  

  