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  vegetable 
  rubbish, 
  while 
  others 
  hibernate 
  in 
  the 
  earth 
  of 
  plowed 
  fields. 
  

   The 
  raking 
  and 
  burning 
  of 
  vegetable 
  trash 
  in 
  fall 
  to 
  destroy 
  the 
  winter 
  

   harborage 
  of 
  injurious 
  insects, 
  and 
  fall 
  plowing 
  to 
  break 
  up 
  the 
  earthen 
  

   cells 
  of 
  underground 
  species 
  are 
  consequently 
  useful 
  general 
  measures 
  

   of 
  prevention. 
  The 
  preparation 
  of 
  the 
  soil 
  now 
  commonly 
  preferred 
  

   by 
  beet 
  growers, 
  that 
  is, 
  plowing 
  thoroughly 
  both 
  in 
  fall 
  and 
  spring, 
  is 
  

   an 
  important 
  safeguard 
  against 
  insect 
  injury, 
  especially 
  against 
  cutworm 
  

   attack. 
  

  

  Beets 
  should 
  not 
  be 
  preceded 
  on 
  the 
  same 
  ground 
  by 
  any 
  crop 
  

   especially 
  liable 
  to 
  breed 
  and 
  feed 
  the 
  more 
  prominent 
  beet 
  insects. 
  

   Thus 
  a 
  system 
  of 
  rotation 
  in 
  which 
  beets 
  follow 
  upon 
  grass 
  would 
  be 
  

   highly 
  objectionable, 
  since 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  worst 
  insect 
  enemies 
  of 
  the 
  

   beet 
  — 
  the 
  cutworms, 
  the 
  wireworms, 
  and 
  the 
  white 
  grubs, 
  for 
  example 
  — 
  

   commonly 
  breed 
  in 
  sod. 
  Either 
  oats 
  or 
  corn 
  may 
  precede 
  the 
  beet 
  

   without 
  objection 
  from 
  the 
  entomologist, 
  the 
  choice 
  to 
  be 
  made 
  between 
  

   these 
  two 
  on 
  general 
  agricultural 
  principles. 
  

  

  There 
  is 
  no 
  direct 
  remedy 
  available 
  for 
  injuries 
  to 
  the 
  underground 
  

   part 
  of 
  the 
  beet*, 
  but 
  injuries 
  to 
  the 
  leaves 
  may 
  commonly 
  be 
  arrested 
  

   by 
  the 
  use 
  of 
  one 
  or 
  the 
  other 
  of 
  the 
  ordinary 
  insecticide 
  sprays; 
  kerosene 
  

   for 
  plant-lice, 
  leaf-hoppers, 
  and 
  other 
  insects 
  which 
  pierce 
  the 
  leaf 
  with 
  

   the 
  beak 
  and 
  suck 
  the 
  sap, 
  or 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  arsenical 
  poisons 
  for 
  those 
  

   which 
  eat 
  the 
  leaf. 
  Kerosene 
  may 
  be 
  applied 
  as 
  an 
  emulsion 
  with 
  soap- 
  

   suds; 
  or, 
  more 
  conveniently, 
  as 
  a 
  mechanical 
  mixture 
  with 
  water, 
  thrown 
  

   upon 
  the 
  plant 
  by 
  means 
  of 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  special 
  sprayers 
  now 
  constructed 
  

   to 
  deliver 
  fixed 
  proportions 
  of 
  water 
  and 
  kerosene 
  intermingled 
  in 
  a 
  very 
  

   fine 
  spray. 
  The 
  smooth 
  surface 
  of 
  the 
  beet 
  leaf 
  makes 
  it 
  difficult 
  to 
  

   apply 
  fluid 
  poisons 
  successfully, 
  since 
  they 
  are 
  likely 
  to 
  run 
  off, 
  leaving 
  

   no 
  residue 
  sufficient 
  to 
  serve 
  as 
  a 
  fatal 
  dose. 
  This 
  difficulty 
  may 
  probably 
  

   be 
  met 
  by 
  using 
  either 
  Bordeaux 
  mixture 
  or 
  soap-suds 
  instead 
  of 
  water 
  

   as 
  a 
  medium 
  for 
  conveying 
  arsenic 
  or 
  Paris 
  green. 
  In 
  this 
  case 
  a 
  quarter 
  

   of 
  a 
  pound 
  of 
  Paris 
  green 
  and 
  an 
  equal 
  quantity 
  of 
  lime 
  should 
  be 
  kept 
  

   thoroughly 
  stirred 
  up 
  in 
  the 
  tank 
  or 
  barrel 
  with 
  fifty 
  gallons 
  of 
  the 
  

   Bordeaux 
  mixture 
  or 
  the 
  soap-suds, 
  the 
  latter 
  of 
  a 
  strength 
  to 
  be 
  de- 
  

   termined 
  by 
  preliminary 
  experiment. 
  When 
  the 
  beets 
  are 
  small 
  the 
  

   arsenical 
  poisons 
  may 
  probably 
  be 
  best 
  applied, 
  as 
  advised 
  by 
  Professor 
  

   Gillette, 
  by 
  mixing 
  one 
  part 
  by 
  weight 
  of 
  Paris 
  green 
  with 
  twenty 
  parts 
  

   of 
  flour 
  and 
  then 
  dusting 
  over 
  the 
  plants 
  before 
  sunrise 
  on 
  a 
  dewy 
  

   morning. 
  This 
  application 
  may, 
  if 
  more 
  convenient, 
  be 
  made 
  while 
  

   the 
  leaves 
  are 
  moist 
  from 
  a 
  recent 
  shower. 
  "To 
  apply 
  the 
  poison," 
  he 
  

   says, 
  "make 
  a 
  small 
  cheese-cloth 
  sack 
  about 
  five 
  inches 
  in 
  diameter 
  and 
  

   ten 
  inches 
  deep. 
  Fill 
  it 
  with 
  the 
  mixture 
  of 
  poison 
  and 
  flour 
  and 
  walk 
  

  

  *In 
  Europe, 
  volatile 
  poisons 
  like 
  bisulphide 
  of 
  carbon 
  are 
  sometimes 
  applied 
  underground, 
  especially 
  

   for 
  the 
  destruction 
  of 
  root-lice 
  and 
  wireworms; 
  but 
  this 
  measure 
  is 
  doubtless 
  too 
  expensive 
  of 
  time 
  and 
  

   labor 
  for 
  the 
  American 
  beet-grower, 
  especially 
  as 
  injuries 
  by 
  these 
  insects 
  may 
  be 
  mostly 
  avoided 
  here 
  by 
  

   a 
  proper 
  general 
  management. 
  

  

  