﻿— 
  6o 
  — 
  

  

  in 
  1881*. 
  "A 
  leaf 
  free 
  from 
  eggs," 
  says 
  he, 
  "could 
  rarely 
  be 
  found, 
  

   and 
  so 
  large 
  a 
  number 
  of 
  the 
  leaves 
  were 
  blotched 
  by 
  this 
  means 
  that 
  

   they 
  could 
  be 
  no 
  longer 
  used 
  for 
  'greens'." 
  The 
  attack 
  continued 
  

   throughout 
  the 
  greater 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  season^ 
  and 
  a 
  similar 
  instance 
  was 
  

   noticed 
  in 
  1882 
  by 
  Dr. 
  Lintner 
  in 
  Vermont. 
  

  

  Fig. 
  4. 
  The 
  Beet 
  Leaf-miner, 
  Pegomyia 
  n'cina: 
  a, 
  surface 
  of 
  egg. 
  very 
  highly 
  magnified; 
  b, 
  larva; 
  

   c, 
  last 
  segment 
  of 
  same; 
  d, 
  anal 
  spiracles; 
  e. 
  head;/", 
  thoracic 
  spiracles; 
  g, 
  cephalic 
  hooks 
  of 
  larva; 
  /r, 
  

   piiparium; 
  ?, 
  adult 
  fly; 
  k, 
  head 
  of 
  male; 
  /, 
  head 
  of 
  female. 
  (From 
  Howard, 
  U. 
  S. 
  Dept. 
  of 
  Agriculture.) 
  

  

  A 
  much 
  more 
  serious 
  injury 
  by 
  these 
  insects 
  occurred 
  in 
  California 
  

   in 
  1891 
  on 
  the 
  plantation 
  of 
  the 
  Western 
  Sugar 
  Beet 
  Company, 
  where 
  

   about 
  a 
  thousand 
  acres 
  of 
  promising 
  beets 
  were 
  all 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  dam- 
  

   aged 
  by 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  species 
  above 
  mentioned 
  {P. 
  vicina). 
  In 
  1894 
  and 
  

   1895 
  the 
  same 
  species 
  did 
  much 
  harm 
  to 
  spinach 
  in 
  New 
  York, 
  as 
  

   reported 
  by 
  F. 
  A. 
  Sirrine.f 
  These 
  or 
  related 
  species 
  feed 
  also 
  on 
  the 
  

   common 
  white 
  pigweed 
  or 
  lamb's-quarters 
  {jClienopodiutn 
  albuni), 
  in 
  

   which 
  they 
  are 
  often 
  extremely 
  abundant, 
  and 
  from 
  this 
  plant 
  they 
  are 
  

   likely 
  sometimes 
  to 
  spread 
  to 
  the 
  beet. 
  

  

  The 
  eggs 
  are 
  placed 
  by 
  the 
  female 
  on 
  the 
  under 
  surface 
  of 
  the 
  leaf, 
  

   sometimes 
  singly, 
  but 
  most 
  commonly 
  in 
  numbers 
  varying 
  from 
  two 
  to 
  

   five 
  together. 
  From 
  thirty 
  to 
  forty 
  have 
  sometimes 
  been 
  counted 
  on 
  a 
  

   single 
  leaf. 
  The 
  larvae 
  enter 
  the 
  leaf 
  at 
  once 
  on 
  hatching, 
  making 
  a 
  

   burrow 
  which 
  is 
  in 
  the 
  beginning 
  scarcely 
  wider 
  than 
  the 
  diameter 
  of 
  

   the 
  egg-shell, 
  but 
  which 
  expands 
  within 
  a 
  short 
  distance 
  into 
  an 
  irregu- 
  

   lar 
  blotch. 
  When 
  two 
  or 
  more 
  eggs 
  are 
  placed 
  side 
  by 
  side 
  the 
  larvce 
  

   from 
  them 
  occupy 
  the 
  same 
  cavity. 
  When 
  they 
  become 
  so 
  crowded 
  as 
  

  

  * 
  First 
  Ann. 
  Rep. 
  State 
  Ent. 
  N. 
  V., 
  p. 
  203. 
  

  

  t 
  Fourteenth 
  Ann. 
  Rep. 
  N. 
  V. 
  Agr. 
  Exper. 
  Station, 
  p. 
  619. 
  

  

  