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  62 
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  females, 
  more 
  hairy; 
  the 
  femora 
  of 
  the 
  front 
  pair 
  of 
  legs 
  are 
  nearly 
  the 
  

   same 
  color 
  as 
  the 
  body, 
  the 
  remaining 
  legs 
  are 
  the 
  same 
  color 
  as 
  in 
  the 
  

   females. 
  The 
  eyes 
  are 
  large 
  and 
  nearly 
  meet 
  on 
  the 
  crest 
  of 
  the 
  head." 
  * 
  

   No 
  serious 
  attempt 
  has 
  yet 
  been 
  made 
  to 
  destroy 
  these 
  insects 
  or 
  

   to 
  prevent 
  their 
  multiplication. 
  Sirrine 
  applied 
  kerosene 
  emulsion 
  to 
  

   infested 
  spinach 
  leaves 
  in 
  1895, 
  but 
  without 
  success. 
  It 
  was 
  by 
  him 
  

   at 
  first 
  supposed 
  that 
  deep 
  plowing 
  and 
  rolling 
  of 
  infested 
  fields 
  in 
  fall 
  

   would 
  bury 
  the 
  pupse 
  to 
  a 
  depth 
  such 
  that 
  the 
  flies 
  emerging 
  could 
  not 
  

   escape, 
  but 
  experiments 
  showed 
  that 
  they 
  could 
  work 
  their 
  way 
  through 
  

   at 
  least 
  eight 
  inches 
  of 
  dirt. 
  Leaves 
  of 
  beets 
  in 
  badly 
  infested 
  fields 
  

   should 
  undoubtedly 
  be 
  destroyed, 
  since 
  many 
  of 
  them 
  will 
  contain 
  the 
  

   insect 
  at 
  the 
  time 
  of 
  beet 
  harvest; 
  and 
  the 
  presence 
  of 
  this 
  insect 
  serves 
  

   to 
  emphasize 
  the 
  general 
  recommendations 
  made 
  with 
  respect 
  to 
  sup- 
  

   pression 
  of 
  pigweeds 
  and 
  other 
  fleshy 
  vegetation, 
  in 
  the 
  leaves 
  of 
  which 
  

   certain 
  of 
  these 
  flies 
  are 
  said 
  to 
  breed. 
  

  

  Leaves 
  not 
  eaten, 
  but 
  definitely 
  and 
  mmutely 
  specked 
  or 
  blotched 
  with 
  

   white 
  or 
  yellowish. 
  Small 
  green^ 
  yellowish, 
  or 
  grayish, 
  hopping 
  insects 
  

   on 
  the 
  leaves. 
  

  

  THE 
  LEAF-HOPPERS. 
  

   Jassoidea 
  and 
  Delphacinoi. 
  

  

  Everywhere 
  in 
  the 
  fields 
  and 
  grass-lands 
  and 
  on 
  the 
  leaves 
  of 
  trees, 
  

   from 
  early 
  summer 
  onward, 
  small, 
  rather 
  slender, 
  soft-bodied 
  and 
  very 
  

   active 
  insects 
  may 
  be 
  found 
  in 
  abundance, 
  usually 
  greenish 
  or 
  grayish, 
  

   often 
  prettily 
  marked 
  with 
  black 
  or 
  with 
  brighter 
  colors, 
  the 
  younger 
  

   ones 
  wingless, 
  the 
  adults 
  with 
  wings 
  like 
  those 
  of 
  grasshoppers 
  in 
  posi- 
  

   tion 
  when 
  at 
  rest. 
  They 
  vary 
  from 
  an 
  eighth 
  to 
  half 
  an 
  inch 
  in 
  length, 
  

   most 
  of 
  them 
  being 
  of 
  the 
  smaller 
  size. 
  They 
  infest 
  a 
  very 
  great 
  variety 
  

   of 
  plants, 
  and 
  about 
  thirty 
  different 
  species 
  have 
  been 
  found 
  on 
  beets. 
  

   These 
  are 
  the 
  leaf-hoppers 
  — 
  a 
  name 
  given 
  them 
  because 
  they 
  are 
  found 
  

   mainly 
  on 
  leaves 
  and 
  because 
  they 
  hop 
  vigorously 
  when 
  alarmed. 
  

  

  Their 
  mouth 
  parts 
  form 
  a 
  sharp-pointed 
  beak, 
  directed 
  downwards 
  

   and 
  backwards 
  between 
  the 
  fore 
  legs 
  when 
  at 
  rest, 
  and 
  with 
  this 
  beak 
  

   they 
  puncture 
  the 
  leaves 
  and 
  soft 
  stems 
  of 
  plants, 
  sucking 
  out 
  the 
  sap 
  

   for 
  food. 
  Individually 
  their 
  injuries 
  are 
  insignificant, 
  amounting 
  to 
  

   scarcely 
  more 
  than 
  the 
  draining 
  of 
  a 
  few 
  plant 
  cells 
  of 
  sap 
  for 
  each 
  

   meal; 
  but 
  the 
  total 
  effect 
  of 
  their 
  attack 
  for 
  the 
  entire 
  season, 
  especially 
  

   when 
  circumstances 
  favor 
  an 
  extraordinary 
  increase 
  of 
  their 
  numbers, 
  

   is 
  sometimes 
  serious 
  and 
  may 
  become 
  destructive. 
  The 
  immediate 
  

   effect 
  of 
  their 
  presence 
  is 
  seen 
  in 
  the 
  appearance 
  of 
  small 
  pale 
  specks 
  

  

  * 
  From 
  the 
  Fourteenth 
  Ann. 
  Rep. 
  N. 
  Y. 
  Agr. 
  Exper. 
  Station, 
  pp. 
  629, 
  0^30. 
  

  

  