﻿the 
  earth 
  or 
  in 
  the 
  surface 
  debris 
  at 
  the 
  base 
  of 
  the 
  plant, 
  and 
  when 
  full 
  

   grown 
  constructs 
  within 
  this 
  a 
  thin 
  cocoon 
  about 
  twice 
  its 
  own 
  length, 
  

   — 
  or, 
  in 
  the 
  case 
  of 
  hibernating 
  larvae, 
  about 
  thrice 
  its 
  length, 
  — 
  in 
  which 
  

   it 
  changes 
  to 
  a 
  dark 
  brown 
  pupa, 
  this 
  stage 
  lasting 
  about 
  two 
  weeks. 
  

   The 
  larvae 
  of 
  the 
  last 
  brood 
  winter 
  in 
  their 
  tubular 
  retreats, 
  changing 
  to 
  

   pupae 
  the 
  following 
  May, 
  and 
  soon 
  after 
  emerging 
  as 
  moths. 
  A 
  June 
  

   brood 
  of 
  larvae, 
  not 
  yet 
  observed 
  and 
  probably 
  not 
  abundant, 
  must 
  

   come 
  from 
  these 
  moths, 
  in 
  turn 
  becoming 
  adult, 
  this 
  brood 
  of 
  moths 
  

   producing 
  the 
  destructive 
  Nebraska 
  brood 
  of 
  1892, 
  which 
  was 
  at 
  its 
  

   worst 
  during 
  the 
  third 
  week 
  of 
  July. 
  A 
  presumptive 
  third 
  brood 
  of 
  

   larvae 
  reached 
  its 
  maximum 
  that 
  year 
  about 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  August, 
  and 
  en- 
  

   tered 
  the 
  ground 
  for 
  hibernation. 
  A 
  few 
  of 
  these 
  larvae 
  gave 
  origin 
  to 
  

   the 
  moth 
  in 
  September 
  and 
  October, 
  and 
  these 
  may 
  exceptionally 
  pro- 
  

   duce 
  a 
  fourth 
  larval 
  brood. 
  In 
  Michigan 
  tansy 
  patches 
  a 
  brood 
  of 
  larvae 
  

   appeared 
  in 
  August, 
  probably 
  corresponding 
  to 
  the 
  second 
  or 
  late 
  July 
  

   brood 
  in 
  Nebraska, 
  the 
  third 
  brood 
  following 
  in 
  the 
  latter 
  part 
  of 
  Sep- 
  

   tember. 
  These 
  changed 
  to 
  moths 
  the 
  following 
  May 
  in 
  breeding- 
  cages. 
  

   The 
  species 
  is 
  unusually 
  subject 
  to 
  parasitism 
  by 
  several 
  species 
  of 
  

   Hymenoptera 
  and 
  at 
  least 
  one 
  of 
  Diptera. 
  

  

  The 
  Imported 
  Garden 
  Web-worm. 
  

   Hellula 
  nndalis 
  Fabr. 
  

  

  This 
  garden 
  pest 
  is 
  especially 
  destructive 
  to 
  cabbages, 
  turnips, 
  and 
  

   other 
  CrucifercE, 
  but 
  is 
  also 
  reported 
  as 
  feeding 
  on 
  purslane 
  and 
  as 
  

  

  attacking 
  beets. 
  It 
  was 
  first 
  

   known 
  to 
  occur 
  in 
  this 
  

   country 
  in 
  1895, 
  when 
  it 
  

   was 
  found 
  very 
  destructive 
  

   to 
  cabbage 
  in 
  the 
  vicinity 
  

   of 
  Charleston, 
  S.C. 
  In 
  1898 
  

   it 
  appeared 
  near 
  Augusta, 
  

   Ga., 
  causing 
  a 
  loss 
  variously 
  

   estimated 
  at 
  from 
  $15,000 
  

   to 
  $50,000.* 
  It 
  inhabits 
  

   Asia, 
  southern 
  Europe, 
  and 
  

   Australia, 
  and 
  is 
  obviously 
  

   of 
  European 
  importation, 
  

   doubtless 
  of 
  comparatively 
  

   recent 
  date. 
  The 
  moth 
  is 
  

   also 
  said 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  col- 
  

   lected 
  in 
  southern 
  California, 
  and. 
  perhaps 
  in 
  Texas. 
  It 
  is 
  seriously 
  

   injurious 
  in 
  South 
  Carolina, 
  Georgia, 
  and 
  Alabama, 
  and 
  has 
  also 
  ap- 
  

  

  *Bull. 
  No. 
  19, 
  N. 
  S., 
  U. 
  S. 
  Dept. 
  Agr., 
  Div. 
  Ent., 
  p. 
  52. 
  

  

  Fig. 
  38. 
  The 
  Imported 
  Garden 
  Web-worm, 
  Hellula 
  ttnda- 
  

   lis: 
  a, 
  adult; 
  b, 
  larva, 
  side 
  view; 
  c, 
  same, 
  top 
  view; 
  d, 
  pupa 
  

   (Chittenden, 
  U. 
  S. 
  Dept. 
  of 
  Agriculture.) 
  

  

  