﻿— 
  13° 
  — 
  

  

  and 
  heavier, 
  and 
  are 
  armed 
  with 
  a 
  thicker 
  crust 
  than 
  the 
  Locustidce, 
  or 
  

   slender-horned 
  group. 
  The 
  former 
  are 
  usually 
  neutral 
  blackish 
  brown 
  

   or 
  gray 
  in 
  general 
  color. 
  Some 
  of 
  them 
  have 
  pointed 
  foreheads, 
  the 
  

   face 
  slanting 
  downwards 
  and 
  backwards. 
  The 
  yellow 
  grasshopper 
  

   (^Stenobothriis 
  curtipentiis') 
  is 
  an 
  example 
  of 
  this 
  form 
  (Fig. 
  50). 
  The 
  

   others 
  have 
  rounded 
  foreheads, 
  with 
  the 
  faces 
  nearly 
  vertical. 
  Among 
  

   these 
  are 
  two 
  well-marked 
  groups. 
  In 
  one 
  there 
  is 
  a 
  distinct 
  slender 
  

   conical 
  spine 
  midway 
  between 
  the 
  fore-legs 
  on 
  the 
  under 
  side; 
  in 
  the 
  

   other 
  there 
  is 
  little 
  or 
  no 
  trace 
  of 
  this 
  spine. 
  The 
  black-winged 
  grass- 
  

   hopper 
  {Dissosteira 
  Carolina, 
  Fig. 
  51), 
  known 
  by 
  its 
  black 
  under 
  wings 
  

   broadly 
  bordered 
  with 
  yellowish, 
  is 
  the 
  only 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  group 
  without 
  

   the 
  spine 
  which 
  we 
  have 
  noticed 
  frequently 
  in 
  Illinois 
  beet 
  fields. 
  There 
  

   are 
  other 
  common 
  Illinois 
  species 
  of 
  this 
  group, 
  however, 
  which 
  may 
  

   yet 
  be 
  found 
  to 
  feed 
  on 
  beets. 
  

  

  Of 
  the 
  remaining 
  genera, 
  those 
  possessing 
  the 
  prothoracic 
  spine, 
  

   only 
  Schistocerca, 
  Campylacantha, 
  and 
  Melanoplus 
  have 
  been 
  reported 
  

   from 
  beet 
  fields. 
  Schistocerca 
  contains 
  very 
  large 
  species, 
  some 
  of 
  

   which 
  are 
  common 
  in 
  central 
  and 
  southern 
  Illinois, 
  but 
  the 
  species 
  

   {^S. 
  alutacea 
  — 
  Fig 
  52) 
  known 
  to 
  be 
  injurious 
  to 
  the 
  beet 
  is 
  not 
  often 
  

   seen 
  in 
  Illinois. 
  It 
  is 
  a 
  brownish 
  yellow 
  species 
  with 
  a 
  pale 
  stripe 
  down 
  

   the 
  middle 
  of 
  the 
  back, 
  usually 
  much 
  blotched 
  with 
  red 
  on 
  the 
  fore 
  

   wings 
  and 
  abdomen, 
  and 
  with 
  a 
  closely 
  placed 
  row 
  of 
  red 
  or 
  blackish 
  

   points 
  along 
  the 
  hinder 
  edge 
  of 
  each 
  abdominal 
  segment, 
  above. 
  Cam- 
  

   pylacantha 
  olivacea, 
  a 
  species 
  with 
  rudimentary 
  wings, 
  is 
  found 
  from 
  

   Nebraska 
  to 
  Texas. 
  The 
  genus 
  Melanoplus 
  contains 
  our 
  commonest 
  

   grasshoppers. 
  There 
  are 
  five 
  well 
  known 
  species 
  on 
  our 
  list 
  of 
  those 
  

   infesting 
  the 
  beet, 
  two 
  larger 
  ones 
  {bivittatus 
  and 
  differ 
  entialis'), 
  about 
  a 
  

   quarter 
  of 
  an 
  inch 
  through 
  at 
  the 
  base 
  of 
  the 
  fore 
  wings, 
  — 
  which 
  latter 
  

   are 
  not 
  evidently 
  dotted 
  with 
  small 
  spots, 
  — 
  and 
  three 
  smaller 
  ones, 
  about 
  

   an 
  eighth 
  of 
  an 
  inch 
  thick, 
  with 
  the 
  fore 
  wings 
  sprinkled 
  with 
  reddish 
  

   or 
  blackish 
  dots, 
  at 
  least 
  along 
  the 
  middle. 
  The 
  two-striped 
  grasshop- 
  

   per 
  {^Melanoplus 
  bivittatus 
  — 
  Fig. 
  54) 
  has 
  a 
  yellowish 
  line 
  on 
  each 
  side 
  

   of 
  the 
  back 
  along 
  the 
  angle 
  between 
  the 
  upper 
  and 
  lateral 
  surfaces 
  when 
  

   the 
  wings 
  are 
  closed. 
  The 
  olive 
  grasshopper 
  (J/, 
  differentialis 
  — 
  Fig. 
  53), 
  

   a 
  very 
  common 
  Illinois 
  species, 
  is 
  a 
  heavy 
  species 
  of 
  a 
  nearly 
  uniform 
  

   dark 
  olive 
  color. 
  Melanoplus 
  femur-rubrum 
  (Y\g. 
  55), 
  the 
  abundant 
  

   "red-legged 
  grasshopper" 
  of 
  the 
  beet 
  fields, 
  and 
  everywhere 
  else 
  in 
  

   Illinois, 
  has 
  the 
  shortest 
  wings 
  of 
  the 
  three 
  smaller 
  species, 
  these 
  reach- 
  

   ing 
  when 
  closed 
  little 
  beyond 
  the 
  tip 
  of 
  the 
  body; 
  and 
  if 
  the 
  tip 
  of 
  the 
  

   male 
  abdomen 
  be 
  carefully 
  viewed 
  from 
  behind, 
  it 
  will 
  show 
  a 
  nearly 
  

   straight 
  upper 
  edge. 
  In 
  the 
  other 
  two 
  small 
  species, 
  the 
  closed 
  wings 
  

   reach 
  considerably 
  beyond 
  the 
  tip 
  of 
  the 
  body, 
  and 
  the 
  tip 
  of 
  the 
  male 
  

   abdomen 
  is 
  distinctly 
  notched 
  above. 
  One 
  of 
  these 
  is 
  M. 
  spretus 
  

   (Fig. 
  56), 
  the 
  Rocky 
  Mountain 
  grasshopper, 
  which 
  has 
  never 
  invaded 
  

  

  