﻿147 
  — 
  

  

  Fig. 
  69. 
  The 
  Army-worm, 
  Leucania 
  uiiipunLta 
  

   (arva. 
  

  

  The 
  Army-worm. 
  

   Leucania 
  innpuncta 
  Haw. 
  

   The 
  common 
  army-worm 
  is 
  a 
  striped 
  caterpillar 
  with 
  sixteen 
  legs, 
  

   of 
  similar 
  size 
  and 
  general 
  appearance 
  to 
  ordinary 
  cutworms, 
  to 
  which, 
  

  

  indeed, 
  it 
  is 
  closely 
  related 
  in 
  the 
  

   entomological 
  classification 
  and 
  by 
  

   all 
  its 
  habits 
  except 
  the 
  occasional 
  

   one 
  of 
  traveling 
  in 
  hordes 
  or 
  armies, 
  

   to 
  which 
  its 
  common 
  name 
  is 
  due. 
  

   When 
  full 
  grown 
  it 
  is 
  greenish 
  black, 
  

   lighter 
  beneath, 
  with 
  three 
  dark 
  

   stripes, 
  similar 
  in 
  width, 
  on 
  each 
  side 
  

   of 
  the 
  body, 
  the 
  middle 
  one 
  nearly 
  

   black. 
  The 
  adult 
  moth 
  is 
  fawn-colored, 
  with 
  dusky 
  hind 
  wings, 
  and 
  

   with 
  a 
  small 
  white 
  dot 
  near 
  the 
  middle 
  of 
  each 
  fore 
  wing. 
  Although 
  

   it 
  is 
  normally 
  a 
  grass 
  insect, 
  breeding 
  ordinarily 
  in 
  meadows, 
  or 
  occa- 
  

   sionally 
  in 
  fields 
  of 
  young 
  grain, 
  a 
  large 
  variety 
  of 
  garden 
  vegetables, 
  

   including 
  beets, 
  are 
  accepted 
  by 
  it 
  as 
  food 
  if 
  they 
  happen 
  to 
  be 
  

   in 
  its 
  line 
  of 
  march. 
  It 
  will 
  

   notbe 
  seen 
  in 
  the 
  beet 
  field, 
  

   however, 
  except 
  where 
  its 
  

   ordinary 
  food 
  supplies 
  of 
  

   grass 
  and 
  grain 
  have 
  be- 
  

   gun 
  to 
  fail, 
  compelling 
  it 
  

   to 
  abandon 
  its 
  usual 
  feed- 
  

   ing 
  grounds. 
  It 
  is 
  a 
  com- 
  

   mon 
  insect 
  at 
  all 
  times 
  

   and 
  in 
  all 
  parts 
  of 
  Illinois, 
  

   but 
  it 
  is 
  not 
  noticeably 
  de- 
  

   structive 
  except 
  in 
  occasional 
  years 
  when 
  circumstances 
  favor 
  its 
  mul- 
  

   tiplication 
  to 
  an 
  extraordinary 
  extent. 
  

  

  The 
  eggs 
  are 
  deposited 
  in 
  the 
  roUed-up 
  bases 
  of 
  grain 
  or 
  grass 
  

   leaves 
  on 
  ground 
  where 
  the 
  rankest 
  growth 
  of 
  plants 
  occurs. 
  From 
  ten 
  

   to 
  fifty 
  may 
  be 
  laid 
  on 
  a 
  single 
  leaf. 
  The 
  moths 
  are 
  of 
  

   nocturnal 
  habit, 
  and 
  the 
  eggs 
  are 
  deposited 
  after 
  dark. 
  

   The 
  caterpillars 
  feed 
  at 
  night, 
  usually 
  remaining 
  

   hidden 
  by 
  day 
  except 
  during 
  cloudy 
  weather. 
  When 
  

   full 
  grown 
  they 
  bury 
  themselves 
  in 
  the 
  ground 
  an 
  inch 
  

   or 
  two, 
  forming 
  there, 
  by 
  turning 
  about, 
  a 
  smooth 
  

   cavity 
  within 
  which 
  the 
  transformations 
  occur. 
  There 
  

   are 
  three 
  generations 
  in 
  a 
  year, 
  and 
  the 
  winter 
  is 
  passed 
  

   mainly 
  in 
  the 
  moth 
  or 
  the 
  pupa 
  stage. 
  

   The 
  adults, 
  which 
  come 
  abroad 
  in 
  early 
  spring 
  either 
  from 
  hibernat- 
  

   ing 
  pupse 
  or 
  from 
  the 
  winter 
  quarters 
  of 
  the 
  moths, 
  lay 
  eggs 
  late 
  in 
  

  

  Fig 
  71. 
  The 
  Army-worm, 
  Leucania 
  unipttncta 
  : 
  a, 
  male 
  

   adult: 
  /', 
  abdomen 
  of 
  female 
  adult; 
  c, 
  eye; 
  d, 
  base 
  of 
  male 
  

   antenna; 
  c, 
  base 
  of 
  female 
  antenna. 
  

  

  Fig. 
  70. 
  The 
  Army- 
  

   worm, 
  Leucania 
  uni- 
  

   /•uncta, 
  pupa. 
  

  

  