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  149 
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  sota 
  and 
  California, 
  and 
  south 
  to 
  the 
  Gulf 
  of 
  Mexico. 
  It 
  passes 
  the 
  

   winter, 
  according 
  to 
  Riley, 
  most 
  generally 
  in 
  the 
  larval 
  stage, 
  but 
  some- 
  

   times 
  also 
  as 
  pupa 
  or 
  imago. 
  The 
  caterpillars 
  are 
  commonest 
  in 
  Illinois 
  

   in 
  July 
  and 
  August, 
  where 
  there 
  is 
  perhaps 
  but 
  a 
  single 
  brood. 
  In 
  the 
  

   South, 
  however, 
  there 
  seems 
  to 
  be 
  at 
  least 
  two 
  generations 
  annually, 
  one 
  

   occurring 
  in 
  April 
  and 
  the 
  other 
  late 
  in 
  June. 
  

  

  4-^- 
  

  

  The 
  Common 
  Grass-worm. 
  

  

  Laphygma 
  friigiperda 
  S. 
  & 
  A. 
  

  

  This 
  insect, 
  called 
  also 
  the 
  fall 
  army-worm, 
  and 
  often 
  confused 
  on 
  

   that 
  account 
  with 
  the 
  true 
  army-worm, 
  was 
  extraordinarily 
  abundant 
  

   throughout 
  Illinois 
  and 
  many 
  other 
  states 
  during 
  the 
  summer 
  of 
  1899. 
  

   According 
  to 
  Chittenden's 
  article* 
  it 
  was 
  reported 
  from 
  New 
  York 
  and 
  

  

  New 
  Jersey 
  southward 
  to 
  Florida, 
  and 
  westward 
  

   I 
  ~ 
  r~- 
  to 
  Texas, 
  Kansas, 
  and 
  Nebraska. 
  It 
  attracted 
  

  

  most 
  attention, 
  perhaps, 
  last 
  season 
  in 
  lawns, 
  

   the 
  turf 
  of 
  which 
  it 
  completely 
  deadened 
  in 
  

   many 
  towns; 
  but 
  it 
  was 
  also 
  injurious 
  to 
  small 
  

   grain, 
  corn, 
  broom-corn, 
  etc., 
  giving 
  rise 
  to 
  much 
  

   apprehension 
  among 
  those 
  not 
  acquainted 
  with 
  

   its 
  history 
  and 
  habits. 
  In 
  Illinois 
  it 
  was 
  defi- 
  

   nitely 
  reported 
  to 
  the 
  office 
  from 
  Chicago 
  and 
  

   its 
  suburbs, 
  from 
  Quincy, 
  Meredosia, 
  Areola, 
  

   and 
  Urbana, 
  and 
  from 
  Villa 
  Ridge 
  in 
  extreme 
  

   southern 
  Illinois, 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  from 
  many 
  inter- 
  

   Fig. 
  73. 
  The 
  Common 
  Grass- 
  mediate 
  plaCCS. 
  

  

  ^vorm, 
  Laphygma 
  frugipcrda: 
  a. 
  j^ 
  j^ 
  espccially 
  fond 
  of 
  grass 
  and 
  othcr 
  

  

  larva; 
  i^, 
  head 
  of 
  larva, 
  front 
  view; 
  ^ 
  -^ 
  

  

  r, 
  abdominal 
  segment 
  of 
  larva, 
  top 
  gramiuaccous 
  plants, 
  com, 
  broom-com, 
  whcat, 
  

   view; 
  d. 
  side 
  view. 
  ^^^^^ 
  ^^^ 
  ^^ 
  ^ 
  Watermelon 
  field 
  it 
  cleared 
  out 
  

  

  the 
  grass-like 
  weeds, 
  but 
  did 
  not 
  injure 
  the 
  

  

  melon 
  vines. 
  Notwithstanding 
  its 
  abundance 
  

  

  about 
  Champaign 
  none 
  were 
  seen 
  by 
  us 
  on 
  beets 
  

  

  until 
  October, 
  when 
  young 
  larvse 
  were 
  found 
  

  

  gnawing 
  the 
  leaves 
  of 
  that 
  plant. 
  Most 
  of 
  them 
  

  

  were 
  freshly 
  hatched, 
  but 
  none 
  of 
  the 
  lot 
  was 
  

  

  large 
  enough 
  for 
  unmistakable 
  identification. 
  

  

  Its 
  list 
  of 
  food 
  plants 
  is 
  so 
  long 
  and 
  varied 
  as 
  to 
  

  

  be 
  almost 
  exhaustive 
  of 
  our 
  ordinary 
  crops 
  and 
  

  

  weeds. 
  Indeed, 
  in 
  extreme 
  cases 
  it 
  leaves 
  

  

  scarcely 
  any 
  green 
  vegetation 
  uninjured, 
  and 
  

  

  has 
  even 
  been 
  known 
  to 
  enter 
  greenhouses, 
  and 
  Fig. 
  74. 
  The 
  Common 
  Orass- 
  

  

  to 
  eat 
  corn 
  fodder 
  in 
  the 
  stack. 
  '""/T' 
  ^;^''ys"'-/''"siperdara. 
  

  

  adult; 
  0, 
  c, 
  two-color 
  varieties. 
  

  

  *Bull. 
  No. 
  23, 
  N. 
  S., 
  U. 
  S. 
  Dept. 
  Agr., 
  Div. 
  Ent., 
  p. 
  79. 
  

  

  