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  152 
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  It 
  fed 
  freely 
  exposed 
  on 
  either 
  the 
  under 
  or 
  upper 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  leaf, 
  eat- 
  

   ing 
  irregular 
  holes, 
  but 
  not 
  becoming 
  seriously 
  injurious. 
  Garman 
  

   reports 
  it 
  as 
  a 
  common 
  Kentucky 
  insect. 
  It 
  ranges 
  from 
  Florida 
  and 
  

   Texas 
  to 
  Massachusetts 
  and 
  Illinois, 
  and 
  occurs 
  also 
  in 
  California. 
  

   French 
  and 
  Garman 
  speak 
  of 
  it 
  as 
  feeding 
  in 
  gardens, 
  and 
  we 
  have 
  

   found 
  it 
  eating 
  purslane 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  sugar 
  beets. 
  The 
  larva 
  enters 
  the 
  

   ground 
  and 
  pupates 
  there. 
  In 
  southern 
  Illinois 
  and 
  Kentucky 
  the 
  

   species 
  is 
  apparently 
  two-brooded. 
  Larvae 
  are 
  common 
  in 
  spring, 
  

   yielding 
  the 
  imago 
  in 
  June 
  and 
  July; 
  and 
  another 
  brood 
  of 
  larvae 
  oc- 
  

   curring 
  in 
  August 
  and 
  September 
  gives 
  the 
  imago 
  in 
  October. 
  In 
  

   central 
  Illinois 
  we 
  have 
  found 
  larvae 
  of 
  all 
  sizes 
  common 
  in 
  July 
  and 
  

   again 
  in 
  September, 
  the 
  last 
  of 
  them 
  disappearing 
  about 
  October 
  15th. 
  

   Examples 
  taken 
  July 
  14th 
  and 
  26th 
  and 
  September 
  2d 
  all 
  went 
  into 
  the 
  

   winter 
  in 
  the 
  pupa 
  stage. 
  Further 
  study 
  of 
  the 
  life 
  history 
  is 
  evidently 
  

   necessary 
  to 
  determine 
  the 
  usual 
  facts 
  for 
  this 
  species. 
  

  

  The 
  Cabbage 
  Plusia. 
  

  

  Plusia 
  brassicce 
  Riley. 
  

  

  This 
  pale 
  green 
  looping 
  caterpillar 
  is 
  striped 
  with 
  longitudinal 
  

   whitish 
  lines 
  of 
  varying 
  distinctness, 
  which 
  narrow 
  noticeably 
  towards 
  

   the 
  head. 
  It 
  is 
  by 
  preference 
  a 
  cabbage 
  insect, 
  but 
  occasionally 
  eats 
  

   the 
  leaves 
  of 
  beets. 
  When 
  young 
  it 
  eats 
  small 
  holes 
  in 
  leaves, 
  but 
  as 
  it 
  

   grows 
  larger 
  it 
  devours 
  the 
  leaf 
  completely, 
  and 
  even 
  gnaws 
  away 
  the 
  

   stalk. 
  It 
  is 
  seriously 
  injurious 
  to 
  the 
  cabbage 
  in 
  the 
  South, 
  and 
  in 
  

  

  Minnesota 
  was 
  reported 
  in 
  

   1884 
  to 
  be 
  almost 
  as 
  injuri- 
  

   ous 
  to 
  cabbage 
  as 
  the 
  com- 
  

   mon 
  cabbage 
  worm 
  {Fieris 
  

   rapie^. 
  It 
  feeds 
  also 
  on 
  

   celery, 
  kale, 
  turnip, 
  tomato, 
  

   lettuce, 
  mignonette, 
  dande- 
  

   lion, 
  dock, 
  clover, 
  lamb's- 
  

   quarters, 
  and 
  some 
  less 
  

   common 
  cultivated 
  plants. 
  

   It 
  ranges 
  throughout 
  the 
  

   United 
  States, 
  and 
  occurs 
  

   also 
  in 
  Canada. 
  The 
  eggs 
  

   are 
  laid 
  upon 
  the 
  food 
  plant 
  

   singly 
  or 
  in 
  small 
  clusters, 
  

   loosely 
  attached 
  to 
  the 
  leaf. 
  

   The 
  full 
  grown 
  larva 
  spins 
  a 
  gauzy 
  cocoon 
  wrapped 
  in 
  the 
  leaf 
  or 
  

   attached 
  to 
  the 
  stem, 
  and 
  within 
  this 
  the 
  green 
  or 
  light 
  yellowish 
  pupa 
  

   is 
  presently 
  found. 
  The 
  blackish 
  or 
  dark 
  gray 
  moths 
  are 
  distinguished 
  

  

  Fig. 
  76. 
  The 
  Cabbage 
  Plusia, 
  F/z^/Vt 
  i^rrtji/tv?.- 
  a, 
  larva; 
  

   /', 
  pupa 
  in 
  its 
  thin 
  cocoon; 
  c, 
  adult. 
  

  

  