Mar. 1899.] BOTANICAL SOCIETY OF EDINBURGH 177 



by dragging and otherwise, I would give the zones of the 

 "lac normal" with their series of plants as — (1) Carex 

 zone. This is the marshy ground round the lochs. In it 

 we have Carex rostrata, C. filiformis, C. limosa, Bhyncliospora 

 alba, Mcnyanthes, Sparganium minimum, Malaxis paludosa, 

 Pinguicuki lusitanica, Droscra rotundifolia, and D. anglica. 

 (2) Subularia zone, a zone of shallow water with gravelly 

 bottom outside the Phragmitcs zone. In this are Subularia 

 aquatica, Banunculus scoticus, Marshall (B. Flammula, var. 

 2)ctiolaris, Lange), the first appearance of Littorella lacustris 

 and Lobelia Dortmanna, with Montia, Callitrichc, and Ranun- 

 culus Flammula. (3) Phragmitcs zone. In this we have 

 Phragmitcs, Cladium, Carex rostrata, Scirpus palustris, Spar- 

 ganium affine, Isoetes lacustris, Nymphcca albct as a small 

 state, Potamogeton polygonifolius, P. natans occasionally, Lit- 

 torella, Lobelia, Mcnyanthes, and Myriophyllum alter nijlorum. 



(4) Nuphar zone. This is the home of Nymphcca alba and 

 Nuphar lutca, Potamogeton natans and deep-water forms of 

 P. polygonifolius, with Myriophyllum and some Lobelia. 



(5) Potamogeton and Characecc zone. Characterised by 

 the presence of Potamogeton prcdongus, Nitella translucens, 

 Juncus supinus with filiform leaves, with Potamogeton per- 

 foliatus, Char a fragilis, Utricular ia minor, and U. " vid- 

 garis." (There is some doubt whether our Utricidaria is 

 vulgaris or neglecta, as it does not flower.) Chara fragilis 

 and the species of Utricidaria are frequently found in the 

 shallow water of the " lac normal " where there is mud, 

 but they are among the few plants usually dragged from 

 the deepest zone. In the peat lochs, the plants which 

 prefer a stony bottom are generally absent, and near the 

 margins are Phragmitcs, Cladium, Mcnyanthes, Nymphcaa, 

 Xuphar, Nitella opaca, Chara fragilis, and Utricidaria, 

 including U. intermedia. 



As the surroundings of the peat loch are usually more 

 marshy than with rocky lochs, we have the Carex zone 

 most marked in them. In those parts of the rocky loch, 

 where steep rocks come to the water's edge, there is 

 generally only deep water, and in this case the Nuphar 

 zone is at the margin. In the West Highlands, as Nymphcca 

 is a much more common plant than Nuphar, the zone would 

 be more appropriately given its name. Both Nymphcca alhn. 



