226 TRAXSACTIONS AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE [Sess. Lxm. 



mimications received from Piev. Heinrich Jaesclike of the 

 Moravian Mission" (Linn. Soc. Journ. Bot., vol. x., 1868). 



He was Civil Surgeon of Amritsur for two years, where 

 he started a school for the education of native women as 

 nurses, a service for which he was specially thanked by 

 the Lieutenant-Governor of the Punjab. At Amritsur he 

 was attacked with abscess of the liver, and left India in an 

 apparently dying state. He was in England on sick- 

 furlough for nearly three years, during which he devoted 

 himself to botanical work, the result of which was the 

 " Catalogue of the Plants of the Punjab and Sindh, etc.," 

 published for the Author by Arthur G. Taylor & Francis, 

 London, 1869. In 1872, he was appointed British 

 Commissioner to Ladak, and the fruits of his work there 

 are given in a '■ Handbook of the Products of Leh, with 

 the Statistics of the Trade," published by Wyman & Co., 

 Calcutta, in 1874. Of this handbook the Indian Foreign 

 Secretary, Sir Charles Aitchisou, said, " It is calculated to- 

 be of immense service to those interested in the trade with 

 Thibet and Eastern Turkistan " ; and Mr. Shaw, the 

 Government Resident at Kashgar, said, " I doubt whether 

 even here in Yarkand we shall be able to add much to 

 your work. You seem to have left nothing unrecorded." 

 His greatest work as an explorer and collector of botanical 

 materials and local information was, however, done in 

 Afghanistan and the surrounding countries. 



During the winter of 1878, he served with the 29th 

 Punjab Eegiment, under Lord lioberts, in the advance up 

 the Kuram Valley, at tlie taking of Peiwar Kotal, and in 

 the advance to near the Shutar Gardan Pass ; and he held 

 the medal and clasp for the Kuram Valley campaign. In 

 the following year, he was attached as botanist to the 

 expedition, and made a very thorough exploration of the 

 country between Thai and Shutar Gardan, collecting plants 

 at all levels from 2000 to 13,000 feet. In this expedition 

 he collected no less than 10,000 specimens, representing 

 950 species, and that under circumstances frequently of 

 the greatest difficulty and danger. The results were 

 embodied in a paper on " The Flora of the Kuram Valley, 

 etc., of Afglianistan " (Linn. Soc. Journ. Bot,, vol, xix. 

 part ii,, 1882). In 1884-85, lie acted as naturalist on the 



