OZONE AND ANTOZONE. 169 
hydrogen, and that it may be formed by the action of ozone also; its disap- 
pearance he explains by the gradual precipitation, or decomposition of the 
peroxide. 
Meissner regards the formation of ozone and antozone possible simultane- 
ously by the action of either positive or negative electricity upon ordinary 
exygen; but Von Babo believes that only ozone is formed by the current. The 
latter chemist found that ozonized air experienced no diminution of ozone upon 
its passage through a solution of permanganic acid, but that this took place 
immediately if the air came first in contact with substances capable of forming 
peroxide of hydrogen; also, that ozonized oxygen, free from nitrogen, gen- 
erated with water neither cloud nor peroxide of hydrogen. 
According to Meissner, antozone is formed by all processes of oxidation and 
combustion in oxygen; and, since the ozone enters chiefly, during combustion, 
into the oxide thus generated, that the result is principally antozone (or peroxide 
of hydrogen) in the free state. Antozone is, therefore, according to Meissner, 
the cause of the cloud in tobacco smoke, the smoke of chimneys, of gunpowder, 
fogs, and aerial clouds. Meissner found that the fumes of phosphorus in the 
air are antozone clouds, and not nitrate of ammonia, the greater portion of the 
zone generated by the reaction being absorbed by the phosphorus. 
Meissner discovered that air saturated with moisture gives a cloud, upon sud- 
den rarefaction, until the barometric pressure is reduced to eight inches. "This 
corresponds to an elevation of 27,000 feet. By the observations of Kamtz, the 
average altitude of the lightest and highest clouds, the cirrhi, is 20,000 feet, 
and their greatest height 24,000 feet. 
According to Meissner, water condensed from air or oxygen has the form of 
vesicles, while, when it is separated from other gases, the moisture condenses 
in the form of rain or solid drops. 
A most curious occurrence of antozone presents itself in the fluor spar of 
Wolsendorf, in Bavaria. This mineral has a peculiar smell, due to antozone, 
which Schoenbein found in the proportion of =945 of the weight of the spar, 
because five grammes, when rubbed with water, yielded 2.125 milligrammes of 
peroxide of hydrogen. Since antozone is contained in powder-smoke, it may 
be surmised that the copious rains which follow great battles are due, in a mca- 
sure, to this body, the decomposition of the cloud of antozone-water being either 
a cause or an effect of the electrical excitement in the atmosphere. 
Having prepared antozone from an antozonide, Schoenbein sought to obtain 
ozone from an ozonide, and selected permanganate of potassa for that purpose. 
Bertazzi had already (Cimento ii, 291) shown that by the action of dilute 
sulphuric acid, at a low temperature, upon this salt, a gas was generated which 
had the properties of ozone. Schoenbein, upon a further investigation of the 
subject, found that peroxide of barium projected into the olive-green solution of 
permanganate of potassa, and oil of vitriol, of 1.85 specific gravity, evolves a gas 
which has the smell and chemical properties of ozone. It acts strongly upon 
the mucous membrane, polarizes platinum negatively with great power, and 
destroys organic coloring matter and pyrogallic acid at the ordinary temperature. 
R. Boettger, in calling attention to this experiment, states that he had two 
years previously described the effect of oil of vitriol and permanganate of po- 
tassa in producing a long-continued evolution of ozone. He considers the addi- 
tion of peroxide of barium superfluous, and, for the development of ozone, 
adds two parts of dry powdered permanganate of potassa to three of hydrate 
of sulphuric acid in a bottle. By this reaction a strong ozone smell is at once 
perceived, and all of the characters of the gas may be established by the proper 
reagents. 
Schoenbein has determined that antozone has a density less than hydrogen, 
and that it liouefies at a pressure of 150 atmospheres. Ozone and antozone, 
