OZONE AND ANTOZONE. 171 
trical machine, from which still discharges are issuing. It may be obtained by 
the inductive current of the Ruhmkorff coil, or by the electrolysis of water, 
using a powerful Bunsen or Grove battery, and employing gold or platina for 
the positive electrode, from which proceeds a current of oxygen, laden with 
ozone. The hydrogen gas, issuing from the negative electrode, possesses no 
odor of ozone, but this smell is perceived when the two gases are collected 
together. The antozone, formed here by the polarization of the oxygen, unites 
with the water to peroxide of hydrogen. If the water thus electrolized con- 
tain substances capable of union with oxygen, as hydrochloric, hydriodic acids, 
and their salts, also sulphurous acid, sulphuretted hydrogen, coal, iron filings, 
&ec., or if the liquid or electrodes be heated, no ozone smell is perceived. 
There is no process for obtaining pure and isolated ozone, although a con- 
stant current of air laden with this gas may be procured for a certain time by 
the action of sulphuric acid upon permanganate of potassa, or by passing 
moist air through a tube containing pure phosphorus, and washing the gas with 
water. The generation of ozone by the electric discharge is so slow that Bau- 
mert, by passing 500,000 sparks in an hour, obtained only enough of this gas 
to liberate one milligramme of iodine from its potassium salt. 
Circumstances influence the production of ozone by the electrical discharge. 
Under the same conditions, sparks of 25 millimetres in length generate twice 
as much ozone as sparks of 4 to 5 sa en long. 
Employing poenencly sealed tubes of 5 : millimetres diameter and 70 mil- 
limetres long, 2 of the oxygen can be ee into ozone; but by continuing 
the discharges the ozone diminishes, so that in 24 hours it equals only 4 of the 
original oxygen. 
By the electrolysis of water, containing 7g of sulphuric acid, Baumert ob- 
tained only one milligramme of ozone in 150 litres of the mixed gases; but 
when the water contained chromic acid instead of sulphuric, he found the same 
quantity of ozone in 10 litres of the mixed gases. 
Ozone is generated by means of phosphorus only in a moist air, containing 
oxygen ata medium temperature. When the atmosphere is deprived gradually 
of its oxygen, by means of ignited oxide of copper, the production of ozone 
diminishes, and ceases entirely when there is no longer any, oxygen present. 
Ozone is not formed in pure carbonic acid or hydrogen gases. With 
volume of oxygen and 4 of carbonic acid, the formation of ozone is easy. In 
an explosive mixture of hydrogen and oxygen, the generation of ozone is pow- 
erful; the phosphorus shines vividly, and can acquire heat sufficient to kindle 
and explode the mixture of gases. In pure oxygen, at the ordinary pressure 
of the atmosphere, phosphorus, by the presence of water, does not produce 
ozone until the temperature is raised from 75.2° to 86° Fahrenheit. At this 
temperature the phosphorus begins to emit light, and the illumination and 
ozone generation are powerful at 96.8° Fahrenheit. 
Oxygen expanded to four times its volume, by the air-pump, yields ozone, by 
phosphorus, at the ordinary temperature; but at 32° Fahrenheit there is no 
production of ozone. In dry air phosphorus generates ozone slowly, as the 
phosphorus soon becomes coated, which prevents the action of the air. There 
is a connexion between the shining of phosphorus and its generation of ozone, 
so that this production exists iu proportion to the intensity of the illumination; 
but we are ignoraut of the cause of this connexion. 
If we well wash air ozonized by phosphorus and place in it a piece of car- 
bonate of ammonia, so that the gas reacts alkaline, and wash the gas again, it 
still vives all of the characteristic reactions of ozone. 
According to Schoenbein’s experiments, 1,000 grammes of phosphorus are 
capable of converting 1,720 of oxygen into ozoue. By another trial he gives 
0.43 gramme as the yield of ozone by 1 gramme of phosphorus. By hanging 
ts) 
silver leaf in a vitriol carboy filled with ozonized air, he could deozonize the 
