292 THE HISTORY OF CREATION. 
and hence also our own race, are the direct descendants of 
Semi-apes, is to be found in the comparative anatomy and 
the ontogeny of Placental animals, 
NINETEENTH STAGE: Tailed Apes (Menocerea), 
Of the two classes of Genuine Apes which developed out 
of the Semi-apes, it is only the narrow-nosed, or Catarrhini, 
which are closely related by blood to Man. Our older 
ancestors from this group probably resembled the still 
living Nose-apes and Holy-apes (Semnopithecus), which 
possess jaws and narrow noses like Man, but have a long 
tail, and their bodies densely covered with hair (p. 271). 
The Tailed Apes with narrow noses (Catarrhini Menocerci) 
originated out of Semi-apes by the transformation of the 
jaw, and by the claws on their toes becoming changed into 
nails; this probably took place as early as the older Tertiary 
period. The certain proof of our derivation from Tailed 
Catarrhini is to be found in the comparative anatomy and 
the ontogeny of Apes and of Man. 
TWENTIETH STAGE: Man-like Apes (Anthropoides), 
Of all still living Apes the large tail-less, narrow-nosed 
Apes, namely, the Orang and Gibbon in Asia, the Gorilla 
and Chimpanzee in Africa, are most nearly akin to Man. 
It is probable that these Man-like Apes, or Anthropoides, 
originated during the Mid-tertiary period, namely, in the 
Miocene period. They developed out of the Tailed Catar- 
rhini of the preceding stage—with which they essentially 
agree—by the loss of the tail, the partial loss of the hairy 
