306 THE HISTORY OF CREATION. 
that they represented two very excellent species, which 
could never have originated from one pair by gradual 
divergence.” 
The characteristics by which the races of men are 
gradually distinguished are partly taken from the formation 
of the hair, partly from the colour of the skin, and partly 
from the formation of the skull. In regard to the last cha- 
racter, two extremes are distinguished, namely, long heads 
and short heads. In long-headed men (Dolichocephali) 
whose strongest development is found in Negroes and 
Australians, the skull is extended, narrow, and compressed 
on the right and left. In short-headed men (Brachycephali), 
on the other hand, the skull is compressed in an exactly 
opposite manner, from the front to the back, is short and 
broad, which is especially striking in the case of the 
Mongolians. Mediwm-headed men (Mesocephali), standing 
between the two extremes, predominate especially among 
Americans. In every one of these three groups we find 
men with slanting teeth (Prognathi), whose jaws, like those 
of the animal snout, strongly project, and whose front teeth 
therefore slope in front, and men with straight teeth 
(Orthognathi), whose jaws project but little, and whose front 
teeth stand perpendicularly. During the last ten years a 
great deal of time and trouble have been devoted to the 
careful examination and measurement of the forms of skulls, 
which have, however, not been rewarded by corresponding 
results. For within a single species, as for example within 
the Mediterranean species, the form of the skull may vary 
so much that both extremes are met with in the same 
species. Much better starting-points for the classification of 
of the human species are furnished by the nature of the 
