PAPUANS AND HOTTENTOTS, 311 
form of woolly-haired men. This species now inhabits 
only the large island of New Guinea and the Archipelago 
of Melanesia lying to the east of it (Solomon’s Islands, New 
Caledonia, the New Hebrides, etc.) But scattered remnants 
of it are also still found in the interior of the peninsula 
of Malacca, and likewise in many other islands of the large 
Pacific Archipelago ; mostly in the inaccessible mountainous 
parts of the interior, and especially in the Philippine 
Islands. The but lately extinct Tasmanians, or the natives 
of Van Diemen’s Land, belonged to this group. From these 
and other circumstances it is clear that the Papuans in former 
times possessed a much larger area of distribution in south- 
eastern Asia. They were driven out by the Malays and 
forced eastwards. The skin of all Papuans is of a black 
colour, sometimes more inclining to brown, sometimes more 
to blue. Their woolly hair grows in tufts, is spirally twisted 
in screws, and often more than a foot in length, so that it 
forms a strong woolly wig, which stands far out from the 
head. Their face, below the narrow depressed forehead, has 
a large turned-up nose and thick protruding lips. The 
peculiar form of their hair and speech so essentially dis- 
tinguishes the Papuans from their straight-haired neighbours, 
from the Malays as well as from the Australians, that they 
must be regarded as an entirely distinct species. 
Closely related to the Papuans by the tufted growth of 
hair, but geographically widely separated from them, are 
the Hottentots (Homo Hottentottus). They inhabit exclu- 
sively the southernmost part of Africa, the Cape and the 
adjacent parts, and have immigrated there from the north- 
east. The Hottentots, like their original kinsmen the Pa- 
puans, occupied in former times a much larger area (prob- 
