328 THE HISTORY OF CREATION. 
the common primary species of all the others, there de- 
veloped in the first place—probably by natural selection— 
various species of men unknown to us, and now long since 
extinct, and who still remained at the stage of speechless 
ape-men (Alalus, or Pithecanthropus). Two of these species, 
a woolly-haired and a straight-haired, which were most 
strongly divergent, and consequently overpowered the 
others in the struggle for life, became the primary forms 
of the other remaining human species. 
The main branch of woolly-haired men (Ulotrichi) at 
first spread only over the southern hemisphere, and then 
emigrated partly eastwards, partly westwards. Remnants 
of the eastern branch are the Papuans in New Guinea and 
Melanesia, who in earlier times were diffused much further 
west (in further India and Sundanesia), and it was not 
until a late period that they were driven eastwards by the 
Malays. The Hottentots are the but little changed remnants 
of the western branch; they immigrated to their present 
home from the north-east. It was perhaps during this 
migration that the two nearly related species of Caftres and 
Negroes branched off from them; but it may be that they 
owe their origin to a peculiar branch of ape-like men. 
The second main branch of primeeval straight-haired men 
(Lissotrichi), which is more capable of development, has 
probably left a but little changed remnant of its common 
primary form—which migrated to the south-east—in the 
ape-like natives of Australia. Probably very closely related 
to these latter are the South Asiatic prumeval Malays, o 
Promalays, which name we have previously given to the 
extinct, hypothetical primary form of the other six human 
species. Out of this unknown common primary form there 
seem to have arisen three diverging branches,namely, the true 
