APPENDIX, 399 
flying lizards (Pterodactyli); 56. Land tortoises (Chersita) ; 
57. Birds—reptiles (Tocornithes), transition form between 
reptiles and birds; 58. Primeval griffin (Archeopteryx) ; 59. 
Water beaked-animal (Ornithorhynchus); 60. Land beaked-animal 
(Echidna); 61. Unknown forms of transition between Cloa- 
cals and Marsupials; 62. Unknown forms of transition 
between Marsupials and Placentals; 63. Tuft Placentals (Villi- 
placentalia) ; 64. Girdle Placentals (Zonoplacentalia) ; 65. Disc 
Placentals (Discoplacentalia) ; 66. Man (Homo pithecogenes, by 
Linnezus erroneously called, Homo sapiens. ) 
Pirate XV. (After page 369, Vol. IT.) 
Hypothetical Sketch of the Monophyletic Origin and the Diffusion 
of the Twelve Species of Men from Lemuria over the earth. The 
hypothesis here geographically sketched of course only claims an 
entirely provisional value, as inthe present imperfect state of our 
anthropological knowledge it is simply intended to show how 
the distribution of the human species, from a single primeval 
home, may be approximately indicated. The probable primeval 
home, or “ Paradise,” is here assumed to be Lemuria, a tropical 
continent at present lying below the level of the Indian Ocean, 
the former existence of which in the tertiary period seems very 
probable from numerous facts in animal and vegetable geography. 
(Compare vol. i. p. 361, and vol. ii. p. 315.) But it is also very 
possible that the hypothetical “cradle of the human race ” lay 
further to the east (in Hindostan or Further India), or further to 
the west (in eastern Africa). Future investigations, especially in 
comparative anthropology and paleontology, will, it is to be hoped, 
enable us to determine the probable position of the primeval 
home of man more definitely than it is possible to do at present. 
If in opposition to our monophyletic hypothesis, the polyphyletic 
hypothesis—which maintains the origin of the different human 
species from several different species of anthropoid ape—be pre- 
ferred and adopted, then, from among the many possible hypo- 
theses which arise, the one deserving most confidence seems to be 
