XV1 OONTENTS. 
the underlying Cold Water.—The Arctic Return Currents.— Antarctic 
Indraught.— Vertical Distribution of Temperature in the North Atlantic 
BASU 5! Se ace ks” GE Sh CR Gio Ser Oe oc 
» 
CHAPTER IX. 
THE DEEP-SEA FAUNA. 
The Protozoa of the Deep Sea.—Bathybius.—‘ Coccoliths, and ‘ Cocco- 
spheres. —The Foraminifera of the Warm and Cold Areas.—Deep-sea 
Sponges. —The Hexactinellidee. — Rossella. — Hyalonema. — Deep-sea 
Corals. —The Stalked Crinoids.— Pentacrinus.— Rhizocrinus.— Bathy- 
crinus.—The Star-fishes of the Deep Sea.—The general Distribution and 
Relations of Deep-sea Urchins.—The Crustacea, the Mollusca, and the 
Fishes of the ‘Porcupine’ Expeditions .. ... ... ... .... Page 407 
CHAPTER X. 
THE CONTINUITY OF THE CHALK. 
Points of Resemblance between the Atlantic Ooze and the White Chatk.— 
Differences between them.—Composition of Chalk.—The Doctrine of the 
Continuity of the Chalk.—Objections.—Arguments in favour of the 
View from Physical Geology and Geography.—Former Distribution of 
Sea and Land. — Paleontological Evidence. — Chalk-flints. — Modern 
Sponges and Ventriculites—Corals.—Kchinoderms.—Mollusca.— Opinions 
of Professor Huxley and Mr. Prestwich.—The Composition of Sea-water. 
—Presence of Organic Matter.—Analysis of the contained Gases.—Differ- 
ences of Specific Gravity—Conclusion ...... ... ... ... Page 467 
AppEenDIx A.—Summary of the Results of the Examination of Samples of 
Sea-water taken at the Surface and at various Depths. By William Lant 
Carpenter, B.A., B.Sc. Pet ies Mra! 7/1/27" 15 |0)2 
APPENDIX B. Fels of the imeleces a Bight Samples of Sea-water 
collected during the Third Cruise of the ‘ Porcupine.’ By Dr. Frank- 
lands ERS. © Sac ns is noes ane genoa 
APPENDIX C.—Notes on Spccmene of te Bottom enlleoted during the First 
Cruise of the ‘ Porcupine’ in 1869. By David Forbes, F.R.S. Page 514 
AppENnpDIx D.—Note on the Carbonic Acid contained in Sea-water. By 
John Young Buchanan, M.A., Chemist to the ‘ Challenger’ Expedition. 
Page 518 
BINGE a ee TT TMOG es PD ae 
