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‘cnar. ut] THE CRUISES OF THE ‘ PORCUPINE, 85 
Lant Carpenter, B.Sc., as chemist and physicist ; and 
during the first cruise they explored the west coast of 
Ireland, the Porcupine Bank, and the channel between 
Rockall and the coast of Scotland. It was originally 
arranged that the second expedition, under the charge 
of the writer with the assistance of Mr. Hunter, 
M.A., F.C.S., assistant in the Chemical Laboratory in 
Belfast, in the physical department, should take up 
the ground to the north of Rockall, leading northwards 
to the point where we had left off the year before ; 
but subsequently, for reasons which will be explained 
hereafter, we altered our plan and took the second 
cruise in the Bay of Biscay. Dr. Carpenter took the 
direction of the last cruise, in which we carefully 
worked over the ‘ Lightning channel,’ and checked 
our previous observations ; Mr. P. Herbert Carpenter, 
our former companion in the ‘ Lightning, doing the 
analyses of water, and determining the amount and 
composition of its contained air; while I went as 
supernumerary and made myself generally useful. 
The special appliances and apparatus which were 
prepared under Dr. Carpenter’s superintendence, after 
much consultation among experts in different depart- 
ments, for carrying out the various investigations, will 
be described, each in its place, when describing the 
several methods of investigation and their general 
results. 
For the management of the dredging operations 
two assistants were appointed on the recommendation 
of Mr. Gwyn Jeffreys,—Mr. Laughrin, of Polperro, 
an old coast-guard man and an associate of the 
Jainneean Society, for dredging and sifting; and Mr. 
B. S. Dodd, for picking out, cleaning, and storing 
