166 THE DEPTHS OF THE SEA. [cHAP. IV. 
between the warm and cold areas so marked in that 
region. The warm area, however, even as thus re- 
stricted, is continuous southwards so far as we know 
indefinitely for the North Atlantic, occupying the 
zone of depth along the coast from say 300 to 800 
fathoms. At great depths everywhere the climatal 
conditions approach those of the cold area, and the 
actual character of a fauna—an assemblage of animals 
at any one spot—must depend not merely upon tem-_ 
perature but upon the laws regulating the distribu- 
tion of deep-sea animals; a subject on which we know 
as yet very little. 
The bottom in the cold area in the F#roe Channel 
is rough gravel. That in the warm is everywhere 
nearly homogeneous ‘ globigerina ooze.’ This cir- 
cumstance alone is sufficient to determine a marked 
difference in the habits of the animals and their 
mode of life. 
Referring then to the foraminifera, the dredge came 
up throughout the warm area full of Globigerina and 
Orbulina, and fine calcareous mud, the product of 
their disintegration. Among these were multitudes of 
other forms, most of them of large size. I quote from 
Dr. Carpenter. Speaking of the Holfenia ground, he 
says:—*The Foraminifera obtained on this and the 
neighbouring parts of the warm area presented many 
features of great interest. As already stated, several 
arenaceous forms (some of them new) were extremely 
abundant; but in addition to these we found a great 
abundance ef Iiliolines of various types, many of 
them attainimg a very unusual and some even 
an unprecedented size. As last year, we found 
Cornuspire resembling in general aspect the large 
