cHapP. Iv.] THE CRUISES OF THE ‘ PORCUPINE, 179 
of the first cruise, at a time when both Dr. Carpenter 
and I were occupied with our official work. A young 
Swedish naturalist, Mr. Joshua Lindahl of the Uni- 
versity of Lund, accompanied him as zoological 
assistant, and Mr. W. L. Carpenter took charge of 
the chemical department. It was arranged that Mr. 
Jeffreys’ cruise should extend from Falmouth to 
Gibraltar. Dr. Carpenter and I were to have re- 
heved him at Gibraltar, meeting the vessel there, and 
to have worked together as we did the year before; 
but I was unfortunately laid up with an attack of 
fever, and the whole charge of the last cruise in the 
Mediterranean rested with Dr. Carpenter. Owing to 
this untoward circumstance, I must give at second- 
hand the brief account of the first part of the work 
of the year 1870 which is necessary to complete the 
sketch of what has been done towards the illus- 
tration of the condition and fauna of the North 
Atlantic. In the Mediterranean Dr. Carpenter found 
the conditions of temperature and of the distribu- 
tion of animal life entirely exceptional, as might 
have been to a certain extent anticipated from the 
exceptional circumstances of that land-locked sea. 
The investigation of 1870 can only be said to have 
broken ground towards the solution of a series of 
very special and peculiar problems; and I am not 
in a position to go farther at present than to indicate 
the general results at which my colleague has arrived. 
The ‘ Porcupine’ left Falmouth on the 4th of July, 
but was detained in the Channel for several days by 
fogs and contrary winds. On the 7th of July, they 
reached the slope from the plateau of the Channel to 
the deep water of the Atlantic, and took a first haul 
N 2 
