CHAP. IV. |] THE CRUISES OF THE ‘ PORCUPINE, 189 
cone is continued beyond this by a number of 
eroups of needle-shaped spicules which surround a 
narrow oscular opening. All parts of the sponge 
are loaded with triple-toothed ‘ bihamate’ spicules of 
the sarcode. 
On the 5th of August the ‘ Porcupine’ steamed into 
Tangier Bay, after ineffectually trying to dredge in 
190 fathoms off Cape Spartel. In Tangier Bay two 
casts were taken at a depth of 35 fathoms. The 
fauna was chiefly British, with a few more southern 
forms. 
On the 6th of August Mr. Jeffreys went to Gib- 
raltar, and there yielded up the reins to Dr. Car- 
penter, going on to Sicily vid Malta, for the purpose 
of examining the newer tertiary formations in the 
south of Italy, and the collections of fossil shells at 
Catania, Messina, Palermo, and Naples, in connec- 
tion with the results of his cruise. 
On Monday, the 15th of August, Captain Calver, 
with Dr. Carpenter, who fortunately retained the 
services of Mr. Lindahl as assistant, in charge of the 
science department, steamed out into the middle of 
the Strait for the purpose of commencing a series 
of observations on the currents of the Strait of 
Gibraltar. 
These experiments, which at the time were not 
considered very satisfactory, were repeated and ex- 
tended in the summer of 1871 by Captain Nares, 
R.N., and Dr. Carpenter, in H.M.S. ‘ Shearwater.’ 
Their curious results have been given in great detail 
by Dr. Carpenter in the Proceedings of the Royal 
Society of London, and by Captain Nares in a special 
report to the Admiralty. As it is my purpose to 
