308 THE DEPTHS OF THE SEA. [cHAP, VII. 
mity two ocean areas with totally different bottom 
climates—a fact which, taken along with the dis- 
covery of abundant animal life at all depths, has 
most important bearings upon the distribution of 
marine life, and upon the interpretation of paleeonto- 
logical data. 
The conditions during the ‘ Lightning’ cruise were 
so unfavourable to careful observation, that we deter- 
mined to take the earliest opportunity of going over 
this region again, and determining the limits of these 
warm and cold areas, and investigating their con- 
ditions more in detail. Accordingly, in the follow- 
ing year, when we had H.M.S. ‘Porcupine’ at our 
disposal, Dr. Carpenter and I once more left Storno- 
way on the 15th of August, 1869. On this occasion 
we had everything in our favour; the weather was 
beautiful, the vessel suitable, and we were provided 
with Miller-Casella thermometers on whose accuracy 
we could depend. <A table of Captain Calver’s valu- 
able thermometrical observations during this cruise 
is given in Appendix A to this chapter. 
We proceeded to very nearly the same spot where 
we had taken our first sounding on the former year, 
and took a warm area temperature of 77 C. Station 
No. 46 (Plate IV.). We then moved on slowly 
towards the Feroe fishing banks, finding in succes- 
sion at Stations 47, 49, and 50, — 6°5, 7°6, and 7°9 C. 
At Station 51, about 40 miles south of the bank, 
there was a decided fall of temperature—-the ther- 
mometer indicating 5°6 C. at a depth of 440 fathoms; 
and about 20 miles directly northwards a sounding 
at Station 52, lat. 60° 25’ N., long. &° 10’ W., ata 
depth of only 380 fathoms, gave a minimum tem- 
