CHAP, VIII. | THE GULF-STREAM. 363 
tending in the least to coincide with the parallels 
of latitude, run up into a series of long loops, some 
of them continued into the Arctic Sea. 
The temperature of the bordering land is not 
affected to any perceptible degree by direct radia- 
tion from the sea; but it is greatly affected by the 
temperature of the prevailing winds. Setting aside 
the still more important point of the equalization 
of summer and winter temperature, the mean annual 
temperature of Bergen, lat. 60° 24’ N., subject to 
the ameliorating influence of the prevailing south- 
west wind blowing over the temperate water of the 
North Atlantic, is 6°7 C.; while that of Tobolsk, 
Jat. 58°13’ N., is — 2°4 C. 
But the temperature of the North Atlantic and 
its bordering lands is not only raised above that 
of places on the same parallel of latitude having a 
‘continental’ climate, but it is greatly higher than 
that of places apparently similarly circumstanced to 
itself in the southern hemisphere. Thus the mean 
annual temperature of the Féroe Islands, lat. 62°2'N., 
is 7°1 C., nearly equal to that of the Falkland Islands, 
lat. 52° S., which is 82 C.; and the temperature of 
Dublin, lat. 53° 21’ N.; is. 97-6 C., while that of. Port 
Famine, lat. 53° 8 8., is 5°38 C. Again, the high 
temperature of the North Atlantic is not equally 
distributed, but is very marked in its determination 
to the north-east coast. Thus the mean annual tem- 
perature of Halifax (Nova Scotia), lat. 44° 39° N., 
is)'62>C:, while, that of Dublin, lat. 53°21" N., 
is 9°6C.; and the temperature of Boston (Mass.), 
Jat. 42° 21’ N., is exactly the same as that of 
Dublin. 
