CHAP, 1X. ] THE DEEP-SEA FAUNA, pe) 
of the sponge. Such an association is undoubtedly 
artificial. 
Dr. Bowerbank, another great sponge authority, 
takes yet another view. He maintains “that the 
silicious axis, its envelopment, and the basal sponge 
are all parts of the same animal.” The polyps 
he regards as ‘ oscula,’ forming with the coil a 
‘columnar cloacal system.’ 
Professor Max Schultze, of Bonn, examined with 
great care several perfect and imperfect specimens of 
Hyalonema in the Museum of Leyden, and in 1860 
published an elaborate description of its structure. 
According to Schultze, the conical sponge is the 
body-mass of Hyalonema, a sponge allied in every 
respect to Huplectella ; and the silicious coil is an 
appendage of the sponge formed of modified spicules. 
The zoophyte is of course a distinct animal altogether, 
and its only connection with the sponge is one of 
‘commensalism.’ It ‘chums’ with the sponge for 
some purpose of its own,—certainly getting support 
from the coil, probably sharing the oxygen and 
organic matters carried in by the ciliary system of 
the sponge passages. This style of association is 
very common. We have another example of the 
same thing in Palythoa axinelle, SCHMIDT, a con- 
stant ‘commensal’ with Awvinella cinnamomea and 
A. verrucosa, two Adriatic sponges. 
In 1864 Professor Barboza du Bocage, director 
of the Museum of Natural History in Lisbon, com- 
municated to the Zoological Society of London the 
unexpected news that a species of Hyalonema had 
been discovered off the coast of Portugal; and in 1865 
he published, in the Proceedings of the same Society, 
