INSECT ENEMIES I23 



late in the fall after the leaves have dropped and 

 again in the spring in the usual manner. 



Orchards which require a systematic San Jose 

 scale campaign should first be thoroughly pruned. 

 The tops of the trees should be shortened and old 

 broken branches cut out, reducing the area to be 

 sprayed and facilitating the work of the sprayer. Where 

 a regular annual spraying is given, as it must be 

 in the San Jose scale districts, it is highly important 

 to keep the trees pruned in this compact form and 

 to keep the heads open and clean. 



LIME-SULPHUR WASH 



This spray solution is used chiefly for killing the 

 San Jose scale, and has been found on the whole the 

 most efficient spray for that purpose. The recipe 

 is as follows : 



Fresh stone lime i6 pounds 



Flowers of sulphur, or sulphur flour 15 pounds 



Water 40 gallons 



Flowers of sulphur usually cost a little more than 

 the sulphur flour, but should be preferred when the 

 solution is to be cooked over a fire in the kettle. 

 When the solution can be cooked with live steam, 

 which is the better way, the cheaper grades of sul- 

 phur are equally available. 



Begin by slaking the lime in a small amount of 

 water in a large iron kettle. When the slaking lime 

 generates a considerable amount of heat, sprinkle 

 the sulphur in gradually, thus utilizing the heat of 

 the lime in cooking the sulphur. At this stage, a 

 fire should be made under the kettle and the solu- 

 tion kept up to the boiling point, adding the water 

 a little at a time. Vigorous boiling should be main- 



