322 Bulletin No. 205 [March, 



Panicum puhcscens Lam. — This is cited by Eiigelmann ( '44, 103) 

 and refers to the group Languiiiosa, the name P. pubescens having 

 been applied to these species in common. 



Panicum scoparium. — Englemann ('44, 103) cites P. scoparium 

 Lam., while Lapham ( '57, 548) cites P. scoparium Michx. The species 

 they referred to is probably P. scrihnerianum. 



Panicum xantliopliijsum A. Gray. — Lapham ('57, 548, 595) and 

 Flagg ( '78, 284) cite this as an Illinois species. The name was prob- 

 ably misapplied to P. leibergii. 



10. ECHINOCHLOA Beauv. 



This genus is closely related to Panicum. It has the same type of 

 spikelets, but the sterile lemma is awned or awn-pointed, and some- 

 times the second glume. The spikelets have stiff, bristly hairs on the 

 nerves. The plants are coarse, rank annuals with long, broad leaves. 

 The ligule is obsolete. The inflorescence is of panicles with short 

 raceme-like branches, the spikelets crowded. 



Sheaths smooth ; awns seldom an inch in length, usually much shorter. 



Spikelets nearly always awued, the second glume with a short awn or awn- 

 pointed; spines on the nerves stout and strong; panicle usually spreading, 

 never compact, usually more than an inch in width. E. crus-galli 



Spikelets with a very short awn or awn point, second glume not awned or awn- 

 pointed; spines on the nerves delicate; panicle never spreading, very com- 

 ])act, an inch or loss in Vvidth. E. j nuncntacea 



Sheaths, at least the lower, papillose-hispid; awns usually about two inches in 

 length. E. walteri 



Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. 



Barnyard Grass. Cock-spur Grass (Figs. 98 and 99) 



Panicum crus-galli, Lapham '57, 548, 596; Babcock '73, 97; Patterson '76, 

 52; Flagg '78, 284; Brendel '87, 64; Higley and Eaddin '91, 139; Huett '97, 128. 

 Echinochloa crus-galli, Gates '12, 354; Sherff '13, 594. 



Culms branching from the base, often spreading over the ground, 1 

 to 6 feet long; sheaths and blades smooth, the blades 6 to 24 inches 

 long, 6 to 25 mm. wide; panicle 4 to 12 inches long, usually spreading; 

 spikelets about 3 mm. long. 



This species was introduced from Europe and is found all over the 

 state. It is one of the commonest weeds of the farm and garden, pre- 

 ferring damp, rich soil, and hence it is usually abundant in barnyards. 

 The panicles vary in color from green to purple. It can be eradicated 

 by a thoro cultivation, which prevents the formation of seed. 



ILLINOIS SPECIMENS: Without locality, Vasey. champaign co. Urbana, 

 Clinton, Aug., 1895; Urbana, Seymour, June, 1880; Urbana, Mosher, Oct., 1913. 

 COOK CO. Bowmanvil, Chicago, Gates, July, 1906; Chicago, BabcocTc, Aug., 1874. 

 FULTON CO. Canton, Wolf. kankakee go. Kankakee, De Selm, Aug., 1913. 

 LAKE CO. Libertyville, Sherff, Sept., 1912; Waukegan, Gleason and Shobe 320. 

 MCHENRY CO. Algonquin, Nason, Aug., 1878. macon CO. Decatur, Clokey, Aug., 

 1897. PEORIA CO. Peoria, McDonald; Peoria, Brendel. ST. clair co. Mascou- 

 tah, Welsch. stark co. Without locality, V. E. Chase 95. winnebago co. 

 Fountaindale, M. S. Bebb. 



