1918] The Grasses of Illinois 335 



mm. wide, rough bcneatli, densely pubescent above; spikelets 7 to 9 



mm. long, the awn 15 to 25 mm. long; lemma black at maturity. 



Usually found in rocky woods. It is quite different in appearance 



from either of the other species. Usually it is not found in such large 



tufts. 



COOK CO. Gleiicoe, Johnson, Sept., 1890. peoria co. Peoria, Brendel. ST. 

 OLAiR CO. Maj-coutah, JVelsch. 



19. STIPA L. 



These species are readily recognized by the long-awned spikelets. 

 The glumes are membranous, narrow, and acuminate. The floret 

 terminates in a strong awn twisted at base and usually bent once or 

 twice ; at the base of the floret is a sharp-pointed callus covered with 

 backward-pointing hairs. The lemma is hardened, convolute, and 

 incloses the palea. The inflorescence is a panicle. The leaves are long, 

 narrow, and involute. The ligule is rather thick and membranous, 1 

 to 2 mm. long. It is probable that three species may have been found 

 in Illinois, but authentic specimens of only one species have been seen 

 by the writer. The species are all perennials. 



Stipa spartea Trin. 

 Porcupine Grass (Fig. 124) 



Lapham '57, 545, 569; Babeock '73, 97; Plagg '78, 280; Brendel '87, 63; 

 Higley and Eaddin '91, 141; Hnett '97, 129; Gleason '07, 182; Gleason '10, 148; 

 Gates '12, 355. 



Culms erect, not branched, 2 to 9 feet tall, the leaves mostly crowded 

 at the base ; sheaths smooth, the upper sheaths often rather loose and 

 sometimes inclosing the base of the panicle ; blades long and narrow, 

 usually involute, not over 4 mm. wide ; glumes 2.5 to 3.5 cm. long, a 

 little longer than the dark brown lemma; awn 4 to 8 inches long; 

 callus with a needle-like point. 



This is one of the species of prairie grasses. It is found all over 



the state. 



ILLINOIS SPECIMENS: Without locality, prairies, Vasey; without locality, 

 Mead, cpiampaign co. Champaign, Waite, June, 1886; Urbana, Seymour, June, 

 1880 ; Champaign, Gleason, May, 1902. cook go. West of Chicago, Moffatt, June, 

 1893. DU page CO. Naperville, UmbacJi, May, 1899; Hinsdale, Smith. Hender- 

 son CO. Oquawka, Patterson, June, 1872. henry co. Galva, V. H. Chase 1750. 

 JO DAVIESS CO. Hanover, Gleason and Gates 2602. kankakee co. Kankakee, 

 Hill, June, 1873. lake co. Beach, Gates 2464. mchenry co. Eingwood, Vasey. 

 MACON CO. Decatur, CloTcey, May, 1899. peoria co. Peoria, Brendel; Peoria, 

 McDonald, June, 1887. ST. clair co. Without locality, Eggert, May, 1877; 

 Mascoutah, Welsch. stark co. Wady Petra, V. H. Chase 1206. will co. Joliet, 

 Skeels, June, 1904. Winnebago co. Fountaindale, M. S. BehTj. 



Stipa avcnacea L. — This species, commonly called black oat grass, 

 appears to have been found in Illinois some time ago. Lapham ( '57, 

 545, 569) describes it as occurring in the state and figures it (Plate 

 2, Fig. 1) . From his description and figure it seems that the identifica- 



