BY WHICH THE VINE IS INFESTED. 177 



fested by the Ips; this occurs in places exposed to the winds, where 

 there is a free current of air, and no excess of humidity." 



In the Geoponics* it is said, "that to prevent the little worms named 

 Jpas from attacking the vines, the reeds used for the vine-props should 

 be smoked, because the reeds decomposing in the earth engender little 

 worms, which will othemise ascend upon the vine." 



Galien, cited by Aldrovandus, says that the black earth kills the Ipes. 



In the Dictionary of Suidasf the word Ipi is defined by Worm ; but it 

 is remarked that Ips is a better expression. That work, however, does 

 not furnish any other information upon the word Ips. 



But the name Ips in a form slightly altered, or another insect under 

 a name differing but little from that, is mentioned by several authors as 

 being very hurtful to the vine. 



In a fragment of Alcman quoted by Bochart:|;, it is said that "the va- 

 riegated Ika is the scourge of the young shoots of the vine." 



The grammarian Ammonius in bis Treatise upon Synonyms §, says 

 also, " the Ikes are animalcula which destroy the buds of the vine." 



Bochart thinks that Ips and Iks are but one word, according to two 

 different dialects. 



Valckenaer in his notes upon Ammonius is of the same opinion : 

 Ego verisimilam ce?iseo (says this accomplished critic,) Sam. Bocharti 

 sententiam qui ah Alcman Ika, ex dialectopro \^&positu7n sagaciter ani- 

 madvertit, et ex idoneis auctoribics locaproduxit in quibus, qui in vitibus 

 nascuntur vermiculi Ipes dicuntur." Valckenaer concludes with Bo- 

 chart that Ips is the most ancient form of the word. 



However in Hesychius, and in another grammarian quoted by 

 M. Boissonade, these two words are distinguished from each other and 

 applied to two different insects. 



In Hesychius's Dictionary we find 7^5 as the name of an animalculura 

 (Theridion) which infests the vine ; and in the same work Ips has this 

 explanation, that this word is employed by grammarians to denote an 

 insect which preys upon horn. 



The anonymous grammarian cited by M. Boissonade in his notes to 

 his edition of Herodian || , enumerating the various name sattributed to 

 the different species of worms or larvae, according to the substances in 

 which they lodge, or which they destroy, mentions Iks as the worm of 

 the vine, and Ips as that of meat and horn. 



Have these two species of insects been accurately distinguished from 

 each other, and the habit acquired of expressing them by different 



• Geoponic, edit. Niklas, chap. liii. vers. 423. 

 t Suidas, Lexicon, edit, of Kuster, 1705, folio, vol. ii. p. 141. 

 t Bocharti Ilierozoicon, vol. ii. p. 213. 



§ Ammonius, tit. 2, cliap. v. De Differentia adjlnium Vocabulorum, nunc pri- 

 mum edilHin ope MSS. prima: edit. Aldince. Vulgavit Valckenaer, pp. 73, 74. 

 II Herodiani Partitiones, Lend. 1819, 8o, p. 58. 

 Vot. I — Part I. n 



