BY WHICH THE VINE IS INFESTED. 217 



under which it is placed, and then to shake the branches and make the 

 insects fall into it. The substitution for the basin of a very wide tin 

 funnel with a bag at the extremity, into which the insects fall, has 

 been proposed; also that of linen twisted into the same form. The same 

 means may be applied for the caterpillars of the butterfly or moth as 

 for the Coleoptera, especially when they have arrived at a certain size. 

 The devastation is then indeed almost completed, for the leaves are de- 

 cayed and partly devoured ; but the repetition of the evil in the follow- 

 ing years may be precluded by thus preventing the reproduction of the 

 insects. To this method may be added another, which is particularly 

 adapted to the destruction of the Pyralis of the vine, the Procris mnpe- 

 lopJiaga of Passerini, and in general to that of all the small species of Pha- 

 laense which attack the vine : it is that of lighting fires at the commence- 

 ment of the night in a direction opposite to the wind. The insects come 

 in crowds to the fire and are burned. These fires must be renewed for 

 ten or twelve days in succession, but not when there is much rain or 

 wind ; for not only the flame will not burn, but the butterflies in such 

 weather remain obstinately fixed to the leaves to which they have at- 

 tached themselves. The most effectual method of destroying all the 

 larvae of the Lepidoptera and Coleoptera which attack the vine is to 

 remove, one by one, the coiled leaves in which these insects have de- 

 posited their eggs, and to throw them into a furnace and burn them. 

 This method is the most tedious and expensive, but it is also the most 

 certain ; and I have seen it pursued with great patience and care in the 

 state of Nassau by the cultivators on the banks of the Rhine. 



Third Section. 



Synonymy of all the species of insects which have been mentioned in 

 these researches. 



We shall present in this section one of the principal summaries of 

 these investigations by giving the synonymy of all the insects of which 

 we have had occasion to treat ; but to adapt it to the end in view we 

 must proceed in an order the inverse of that which we followed in the 

 preceding section ; that is, we must first give the synonymy of the in- 

 «ects which are most detrimental to the vine plants, and then proceed 

 to those which only injure them occasionally, and conclude with those 

 which the ancients have erroneously designated as the enemies of the 

 vine ; carefully conforming, with regard to each of these three sorts of 

 insects, to the classification most generally adopted by modern natural- 

 ists. Finally, we shall conclude by giving a list of insects which do not 

 injure the vine, but the synonymy of which has been incidentally deter- 

 mined in these researches. 



