FORMATION OF NORTHERN GERMANY. 123 
Feet. 
2. Hornstone and flints, in nodules, or in thin seams. 2 
3. Yellowish calcareous sand, frequently united into a 
etree Oo) eh ele be ie Sas eo 20 
4, Fine-grained, ochre-yellow, calcareous sandstone, with 
MN ISRCTN ng ol a a cmc eek, uae 
5. A considerable bed of sand, with nodules and pipes 
of a sandstone united by oxide of iron . . . * . 20 
Seen etay Ott SCMISLOSE ClAY 9... (0. 2 oe) de sk 
7. A white calcareous sand, sometimes slightly agglu- 
Ot cantata oa teen aa 
2 
The sandstone referred to under No. 4, which still contains 42 
per cent. of carbonate of lime, abounds in fossils, among which 
we find the following :— 
Pecten arcuatus. Rostellaria Parkinsonii. 
Pholadomya caudata. Turritella nodosa. 
Voluta ambigua. Cucullza glabra. 
Auricula incrassata. Baculites anceps. 
From the absence of minute corals, it remains doubtful whether 
the neighbourhood of Diilmen in Westphalia does not likewise 
belong to this formation ; it constitutes a low plateau extending 
towards Coésfeld, the rock of which is exposed in several quar- 
ries, especially in Voigt, in the Duchy, and Hinderking. At all 
these places we observe under the soil, and in beds of loam 
(lehm-ablagerung), a loose sandstone from 1 to 12 foot in thick- 
ness, which soon crumbles by exposure to the air, and which 
contains numerous fossils; this is succeeded by a fine-grained, 
loose, mostly bluish sand, from 5 to 6 feet in depth; and then 
follows a compact calcareous sandstone, of a dirty-gray to a 
blackish-blue colour arising from carbonaceous matter, which 
is employed in mending the roads, and contains but very few 
fossils; beneath this there is another mass of loose sand, which 
according to some borings rests upon sandstone: all the layers 
have a nearly horizontal position. 
The following fossils appear to be characteristic of those por- 
tions of the upper chalk in North Germany, which are parallel 
vert them; nor is it quite certain what standard has been employed by the 
author. The Hamburgh foot is to English as 0-958 to 1:000. The Cologne, 
or Rhinland foot, as 1:030 to 1-000. The Neufchatel, or Prussian foot, as 0-984 to 
1000. (Nautical Magaxine,1840.) The German foot, like the English, is divided 
into twelve inches (zoll.) ; and six feet make a lachter, or fathom.—Trans. 
