136 ROMER’S DESCRIPTION OF THE CHALK 
In Northern Germany the Quader occurs always as a fine- 
grained sandstone, in numerous localities associated with the 
upper members of the chalk, but in very different stages of de- 
velopment. 
Thus it passes close to Goslar, from Hartzbourg to Lutter, 
along the border of the Hartz, as an unstratified slightly fis- 
sured layer, about 36 feet in thickness, of a soft sandstone, 
varying in colour from white to brown, and containing no mica. 
It is sometimes traversed by hydrated oxide of iron, and some- 
times it encloses chalcedony. At the Clus it forms a single per- 
pendicular rock, with rugged sides. 
It occurs of somewhat greater thickness on the north of Qued- 
linburg; but there, as also at Goslar, without fossils. It is in 
the former case thinly stratified, yellowish-brown, soft, somewhat 
coarse-grained, sometimes resembling quartz conglomerate, and 
is traversed by numerous ferruginous bands, and forms incon- 
siderable hills. 
At Ottberg near Hildesheim, the great sandstone formation 
of the Heiligenberg rests upon the Hils-clay; it consists of seams 
from 6 inches to 2 feet in thickness, of a yellowish or gray, tole- 
rably compact sandstone ; which is streaked, and spotted brown- 
ish-red by oxide of iron. Hitherto no fossils have been found 
at this place, but nevertheless we regard the formation as be- 
longing to the quader (lower greensand). 
We find the Quader (lower greensand) more developed in the 
“ Hils-mulde ” (the rough of Hils), between Alfeld and Eschers- 
hausen. It has there a thickness of about 600 feet, forms the 
so-called Blossezelle and the Hilsberg, and consists of gray or 
white, sometimes firm, sometimes soft, pure, or marly sandstones, 
which enclose five seams of ironstone, some of which are worked 
for commercial purposes, and frequently contains secretions of — 
chalcedony with masses of mountain pitch. The only fossils ob- 
tained from it are fragments of wood, with Teredines (Bohrwur- 
mern), and indistinct Pectens and Ammonites. 
Towards the west we next meet with this formation, in the 
Teutoburger Wald, and can trace it over Bielefeld to Iburg; at 
Horn it forms perpendicular rocks about 100 feet high. Near — 
the Hulse at Rothenfelde, the more recent strata consist of a sili- 
ceous conglomerate with a ferruginous matrix; these are suc- 
ceeded by white, friable, fine-grained sandstones, but which gra- 
dually become more charged with iron, being at first traversed by — 
