148 ROMER’S DESCRIPTION OF THE CHALK 
feld and Osterfeld,—the quader (lower greensand) at Haltern and 
Recklinghausen,—the Hils-conglomerate resting upon the older 
coal formation at Essen,—are all horizontally stratified and not 
upheaved; but the whole of the ancient bay is inclosed by the 
chalk. From Essen on the Ruhr, across Unna, Soest, Werl to 
Padeborn, we find gray chalk (planer) resting upon the (upper) 
greensand, slightly inclined towards the low land and deposited 
on the (flézleeren) sandstone; these formations then continue 
northwards in the Teutoburg Wald, are there accompanied by 
the lower greensand, and with it rest upon the salt formation ; 
they become likewise gradually more elevated, and then soon 
turning westwards, are separated at Bielefeld and Iburg from the 
' salt beds by the Weald-clay, and are there completely turned 
back, probably by the gypsum of the salt formation, so that the 
lower greensand (quader) rests upon the banded mar] (Flammen- 
mergel) and the gray chalk (plener). 
To the west of the Weser we again meet with the lower chalk- 
marls at Lemférde and Haldem; north of Osnabruck they lie 
almost horizontally, and form a considerable hill. 
Between the Weser and Leine we find, in the first place, on 
the northern declivity of the Deister, Hils-clay; it rests there, 
at Bredenbeck, immediately upon the Weald-clay, and has a 
slight northerly inclination; a mile further to the north it is 
overlaid, at Gehrden, by the upper chalk marl in tolerable thick- 
ness, forming a considerable hill, but apparently declining equally 
on all sides. At Osterwalde the Hils-conglomerate rests in a 
similar manner upon the Weald-clay ; and here it is surmounted 
only by a mass of loam. 
More to the north, and close to Hanover, the lower white 
chalk-marls are deposited on the northern declivity of the Lin- 
denberg; they rest upon the upper division of the oolitic group, 
extend as far as Limmer, and are cut through and exposed to 
view by the Leine. 
To the south of the places last mentioned we meet with the 
(plener) gray chalk, (Flammen-mergel) streaked marl, (quader) 
lower greensand and Hils-clay,—all in what we have called Hils- 
mulde (the “trough of Hils”), between Alfeld and Eschers- 
hausen. They all rest upon the Portland and Purbeck limestones; 
perhaps also in some places upon Weald-clay, throughout a space 
four miles long, filling an oval trough of the oolitic formation, 
and inclining towards that (oolite) deposit under a small angle. . 
