THE SCANDINAVIAN MOUNTAINS. 117 
hill, in asoutherly direction from the beds on which they rested ; 
and it would appear that this could only be accounted for as the 
consequence of the rushing force of the boulder-flood. 
Besides, we have from various geological authors the fact that 
large detached rocks are met with on the Danish islands as well as 
in the north of Germany. But as others maintain that the ice 
has contributed to this removal, we must here mention a large 
stone which probably has not been removed in such a manner, 
because it is not far from its former position. It is situated on 
the eastern side of the height on which Pelarne church in Sma- 
land is built, and is calculated, according to measurement, to 
weigh at least seven million pounds. 
To this class of phanomena belongs the experience of the fact, 
that in Sweden generally, on opening new mines, the solid rock 
is seldom found at a less depth than from one to two fathoms. 
Until we reach this, the mountain is commonly as if it had been 
shivered, and is full of fractures and fissures which are filled 
with fine slimy powder of the same or some other rock, but not 
unfrequently end in a large open chasm. This is very clearly 
seen about one mile from Fahlun in the newly commenced 
mine at Skinnaringen and Kraknas. 
6. A still more remarkable phenomenon of this class, and 
which apparently proves that the petridelaunian flood has acted 
with great power, is found in the hills of transition rocks in 
West Gothland. These hills rest on granite from 150 to 330 
feet above the sea, and are themselves from 500 to 700 feet 
high, all composed of the same rocks in the same order, namely, 
undermost sandstone, above alum-slate, still higher limestone, 
and uppermost clay-slate. 
According to the opinion of Baron Berzelius*, which is gene- 
rally received, these transition rocks have covered the whole of the 
plain of West Gothland, but were by some violent cause broken 
up and conveyed away, except in those places where a hard, 
tough trappean rock, ejected in a state of fusion from the 
interior of the earth, spread itself in small sheets, and thus 
protected the underlying loose transition strata. This view 
continually gained strength, and I was fortunate enough last 
summer to find a further confirmation of it. In the first in- 
stance I found, as far north as the foot of Tiveden, a quarter 
of a mile (Swedish) north of the inn at Hasserirs, small balls 
* Arsherattelsen, 1825, p. 285. 
