OF THE INVERTEBRATE ANIMALS. 7 



b. 0*6123 substance gave 1-1295 carbonic acid and 0-3805 



fcarbon . . . 52-081 . 



water = -^^ , _ >, , . r" P^r cent. 



Lhydrogen . 7" 14 J 



c. Anodonta. 



Determination of the Ash. 

 0-402 substance gave 0-0075 ash (pure phosphate of lime) 



= 1*866 per cent. 



Nitrogen. 



0-3555 substance gave 0*852 ammonio-chloride of platinum 

 = 15-33 per cent, nitrogen. 



Combustion. 



a. 0-6478 substance gave 1*220 carbonic acid and 0*420 water 



fcarbon . . . 52*401 . 



= ■{ ^ r pel" cent. 



Lhydrogen . 7'34J 



b. 0-593 substance gave 1-119 carbonic acid and 0-380 water 

 ^ fcarbon ... 52-50-1 ^^ ^^^,_ 



Lhvdrogen . 7-26 J ^ 



We thus have, — 



Primitive muscular bundle. 

 Transversely-striated. Smooth. 



A. Astacusjluviatil. B. Mclolonthavulg. C. Anodonta cygn. 

 \.a. 2. b. \.a. \. a. 2 6. 



Carbon* . . . 52-14 52-39 52*35 52*08 52*40 52*50 

 Hydrogen . . 7*10 7-18 7-20 7*14 7*34 7'26 

 Nitrogen . . . 15*22 15*44 15*20 15*34 15*33 

 We thus see that, in these representatives of the Articulata and 

 Mollusca, there exists a uniform composition in those organic 

 elements, through the medium of which spontaneous motion is 

 effected. Among the Zoophytes the lowest form of the animal 

 world at my disposal wasFrustulia salina, Ehrbg.f , to vphich I shall 

 hereafter minutely refer in the consideration of the cutaneous 

 system; I found in it 15 per cent, of a substance resembUng 

 proteine and abounding in nitrogen, and which in its reactions 



* The equivalent of carbon being = 75-12, that of hydrogen = 12-5, and 

 nitrogen = 175 (from Erdmann and Marchand's determination), according to 

 which the logarithm for calculating the nitrogen from the ammonio-chloride 

 of platinum formed (which must be added to the logarithm of the latter) is 

 = 7'J78(J21. 



f Ehrenberg, Die Infuslons-Tlderchen als vollkommene Organismen . Berlin, 

 1838, p. 232. Ehrenberg saw a broad and thick foot, which served for loco- 

 motion, project from the carapace in tlie closely allied Navicula fuloa. — /. c. 

 pp. 175, 17S. 



