{ 
236 Trader Political on revenue laws Nov. 28. 
cause he is put to allthis expence above what he would 
af he imported the goods legally. If, therefore, he 
has a profit to enable him to continue the businefs, 
government is the primary bearer of that expence, 
in losing duties equivalent to it ; but if the smug- 
gler loses by the undertaking, he is the primary suf- 
ferer of the whole, and government the secondary 
sufferer of part; and that part is, as fhown above, just 
equal to the duties payable on the ordinary articles 
of consumption to the.amount ; because the revenue'of 
the smugglers, and of course that of the nation, is so 
much diminifhed ; by which they are constrained to 
reduce the expence of. their living in an exact pro- 
portion. 
It has been observed by Mr Smith, that when a 
nation is advancing in the acquirement of stock, the 
number of inhabitants generally increase, in conse- 
quence of the great encouragement that is held forth 
for breeding the human species, (so to speak ;) and 
when the accumulated stock is decreasing, an oppo- 
site effect is produced. Almost every part of the 
operation of smuggling tends to produce the latter 
of these defects. 
It has been’ already pointed out, in how great a 
degree difsipation, or, in other words, spending more 
money than the party in reality can afford to spend, 
is encouraged by smuggling. When a smuggler has 
his pockets full with the gains of his recent adven- 
tures, he spends it at all hands,—he enjoys every 
superfluity that money can purchase,—and lives hike 
a person who has landed property, yielding him a 
certain revenue per month, equal to that which the 
