8 Mr. H. Eltringham on the Forms and 



and lycoa, and in fact in all other African Acraeas which 

 I have examined the palpi are yellow beneath. I have 

 examined three interesting examples of toruna in the Tring 

 Museum taken near Bukoba, between Lakes Kivu and Vic- 

 toria Nyanza. In one of these the hindwing patch is pure 

 white and the palpi have numerous yellow scales beneath, 

 thus providing a transitional form from semifulvescens. 

 The second of these specimens is very abnormal, and has 

 the ground-colour of the wings brownish black witii just 

 a slight suffusion of the characteristic reddish chocolate 

 colour in the neighbourhood of the distal end of the fore- 

 wing cell. The hindwing patch is white, and bears on 

 the upperside hardly a trace of the quadrate distal outline. 

 The third is of the normal colouring, but the forewing 

 spots are very much reduced in size, that between the first 

 and second median being represented by a mere streak, 

 and the subapical band of spots is only about a quarter 

 of the usual width. All these examples are males. The 

 second specimen above described has decidedly the appear- 

 ance of a form intermediate between toruna and a female 

 lycoa, and in the absence of an examination of the geni- 

 talia would provide a strong temptation to be regarded as 

 a connecting link between the two species. 



As will presently be described the male genital arma- 

 ture of toruna presents no features by which that variety 

 can be distinguished from the other forms of johnstoni, 

 and I am satisfied that toruna is merely a geographical 

 race or subspecies of A. johnstoni. 



The Distinction between A. lycoa and A. johnstoni. 



It now remains for me to give some account of the 

 features which lead me to assign all the forms of A. lycoa 

 and A. johnstoni to two distinct species, albeit including 

 certain subspecies or geographical races. In the first 

 place A. lycoa is sexually dimorphic, and remains so 

 throughout its range with the exception of the peculiar 

 Abyssinian subspecies. In A. johnstoni all the numer- 

 ous varieties occur in both sexes. The modifications 

 of pattern which take place in lycoa as we pass from 

 west to east tend in one definite direction only, viz. 

 away from the resemblance to western black and white 

 Planema and Amauris models and towards a superficial 

 resemblance to the eastern and southern Danaines Amauris 



