African Species of the Genus Acraea. 233^ 



some black powdering about the submedian nervule. 

 Others have a mere trace of the triangular basal black in 

 the h.-w. Generally speaking these Chirinda specimens 

 have a tendency to a reduction of basal black, and in most 

 cases the pale areas are of a pale reddish yellow inter- 

 mediate between typical examples and the apccida form. 



Several large $ examples from the Luangwa Valley have 

 the pale areas of both wings orange-colour except the f.-w. 

 subapical patch, which is very pale lemon-ochreous. One 

 $ from Machakos has all the pale areas nearly white. All 

 grades of intermediates are found, and the sole constant 

 feature which distinguishes the species from viviana is the 

 fact that the basal black of the f.-w. is more or less indented 

 by the yellow or red central ground-colour at or near the 

 origin of 2, and extends more or less along the inner 

 margin, whereas in viviana the black is narrowest at the 

 inner margin, its distal edge proceeding upvxircls and oitt- 

 ivards to nervule 2, and forming a line continuous with the 

 outer edge of the h.-w. basal black. 



Aurivillius places the form karsclii under viviana, but if 

 the latter is really a separate species then karschi belongs 

 rather to cahira, if one may judge from a series of prepara- 

 tions of the $ armatures. It may be distinguished from 

 viviana by the smaller extent of the pale areas. 



90. Acraea VIVIANA. PI. XIII, f. 10. 



Acraea tn'mana, Staudinger, Iris, 9, p. 204(1896); Aurivilliup, 

 Rhop. Aeth., p. 106, f. 12 (1898) ; Heron, Trans. Zool. Soc.,, 

 xix, p. 147 (1909). 

 = cahira, Neave, Novit. Zool., xi, p. 346 (1904). 

 Cameroon (Ja River) ; Congo (Vivi, Zongo, Mokoange, Ban- 

 gasso, Sassa) ; Uganda (Toro, Entebbe, Kampala, Pt. Alice) ; 

 German E. Africa (Bukoba). 



(J . Expanse 48-50 mm. F.-w. black. Subcostal and median 

 nervures reddish. An oblique subapical patch of pale or dark 

 ochreous in 11, 10, 9, 6, 5 and 4. An inner marginal patch of 

 the same colour occupying nearly the whole of area la except a 

 small part at base and margin, the middle part of lb, the basal 

 half of 2 and usually just extending into cell and base of 3. The 

 basal black which remains in lb has its outer edge straight and 

 pointing slightly outwards, meeting the median at the origin 

 of 2, and is not indented or divided along the median as in 

 cahira. 



H.-w. with a more or less triangular basal black area extend- 



