mn 201 



cabin, Pheropsophus (?) lafertei, Arrow. That uiglit there was a violent 

 gale from the north, which blew out of my cabin two of my precious 

 Tawila butterflies in their papers ! What they were I shall never know, 

 but have an impression that they were Teracoli of which I had others. 

 In spite of the gale a Catocaline Noctuid came to light, Pandesma 

 quenavadi, Gn., a common Indian form. 



On my last night on the White Nile, Feb. 20th, above G-eteina, 

 Phyllodromia treiiliana, Wern., an uncommon cockroach, came to light, 

 and Herr Schwabacher gave me a CirpJiis loreyi, Dup. 



The fauna of the Sudan is extremely interesting from the point of 

 view of geographical distribution. It may indeed be compared to 

 Switzerland, in which country French, Grermans, and Italians meet. 

 The insect fauna of Egypt is essentially Palsearctic in character ; the 

 great majority of its insects are also to be found in Southern Europe. 

 As examples of Palsearctic species extending through Egypt to the 

 Sudan the following may be mentioned : — Cirpliis loreyi, Dup. ; Euxoa 

 spinifera, Hb. ; Caradrina exigua, Hb. ; Deilephila livoniica, Esp. ; 

 XylocojM {estuaus, L. ; Eumenes tinctor, Christ ; Coccinella 11-punctafa, 

 L. 



Another element is the Oriental, which would appear to have 

 reached the Sudan through Persia by way of Arabia. Such insects are 

 Teracolus calais, Gram. ; Pandesma quenavadi, Grn. ; Noorda blitealis, 

 Walk. ; Arenipbes sabella, Hinpsn. ; and CopicucuUia sublutea, G-raes. 

 (though perhaps this last may be reckoned as Palsearctic rather than 

 Oriental) . 



Other Sudan insects have a far wider distiibiition such as Danaida 

 chrysippHS, L. ; Polyommatus hseticiis, L. ; Zizera lysimon, Hiibu. ; 

 Utetheisa pulchella, L. ; Eromene ocellea, Haw. ; and Sterrha sacraria,lj. 



Together with these are the almost cosmopolitan Pyrameis cardui, 

 L. ; Agrotis upsilon, Eott. ; and Nomophila nocttiella, Schiff . , 



Doubtless many at any rate, if not all, of these common insects are 

 to be found in Uganda, yet the fauna of that country may well be con- 

 sidered to be characteristically Ethiopian. From Uganda not a few 

 Ethiopian species have passed to the Sudan, where they meet the False - 

 arctic and Oriental insects previously named. Such are Papilio 

 demodocns, Esp. ; Catopsilia florella, F. ; Leuceronia buquetii, Bsd. ; 

 Herpseiiia eriphia, Godt. ; Calopieris eidimine, Klug ; Teracolus proto- 

 media, Klug ; T.daira, Klug ; T. chrysonome, Klug ; T. ephyia, Klug ; 

 T. halimede,lL\ng ; T. phisadia, Godt. ; T. eupompe, Klug ; T. liagore, 

 Klug ; and T. evarne, Klug ; Virachola antalus, Hopff . ; and Lamoria 

 imbella, Walk. 



