4 PREFACE 
volume of Hope Reports. Mr. H. A. Byatt’s estimate 
of the numerical proportion between a mimetic butterfly 
hitherto regarded as excessively rare and its abundant 
model (12) is based on an examination of material I never 
expected to be fortunate enough to see. Exact observa- 
tions on the attacks of parasitic insects are always difficult 
to obtain, and Mr. F. P. Dodd’s paper (14) is corre- 
spondingly valuable, all the more so because of the de- 
scription of new species in the Appendix by Col. C. T. 
Bingham and Dr. Wandolleck. After a long interval of 
time, Mr. Roland Trimen’s association in 1869 of the 
wonderful series of mimetic females of Papzlio dardanus 
(merope) with each other and with an entirely different non- 
mimetic male, receives its absolute confirmation (in 1902-3) 
by the careful breeding experiments of Mr. G. F. Leigh (11). 
Three papers contain the observations of Dr. G. B. 
Longstaff. The first of these (8), a memoir of over eighty 
pages, records his notes on butterflies made in a tour 
through India and Ceylon in 1903 and 1904. It abounds 
in descriptions of the habits and special localities of these 
insects, their flight, attitudes, gregarious habits, scents, &c. 
The symmetrical injuries probably caused by enemies, 
observations of ‘list,’ of scents, and of seasonal forms are 
conveniently summarized at the end of the paper. Dr. 
Longstaff’s second paper (9) gives an account of his obser- 
vations in 1905 upon the cryptic and mimetic resemblance, 
as well as the actively defensive methods, of certain South 
African Cetonzinae and Hlopliinae. His third paper (10) 
contains a further account of the rest-attitudes of butterflies, 
—‘heliotropism,’ ‘inverted attitude of Lycaenids,’ ‘ tilt to 
one side or “list”,’ and general remarks. 
Major Neville Manders contributes material which throws 
light on two most difficult questions,—the seasonal changes 
