Observed in a tour through India and Ceylon. 73 
ing at this remote frontier post. Perched on a saddle, 
where the old Buddhist road crosses the foot-hills, looking 
forward over the Swat valley, back over the dusty plain 
of the Panjab, this isolated fortress affords a picture of 
rocky desolation. The Pass is closed every night by 
chevaux de frise, and the garrison is always prepared for 
attack. When I went collecting it was deemed prudent 
that I should be accompanied by a gigantic chuprassi, a 
Pathan of the tribe of the Jusufsai, or Sons of Joseph. 
Moreover, when scrambling over the hillsides, in addition 
to the usual Indian thorns in all their varieties, wire 
entanglements have to be negotiated ! 
The rocky hills seemed too dry and burnt up to harbour 
many butterflies, but on the parched slopes of the fortified 
crag, nicknamed Gibraltar, the pretty little Melitxa trivia, 
Schiff., was almost abundant; on a glaucous shrub at the 
foot of the same hill were numbers of a glaucous green and 
yellow locust, Pwcilocera picta, which though conspicuous 
enough on the wing was decidedly cryptic. Other Orni- 
thoptera were Qutroguesia blanchardianus, Sauss., and 
Truxalis nasuta, L. I also took three wasps, two Vespa 
velutina, Lep. (var. “ des Indes,” Sauss.) 3, and a 2 Polistes 
hebraus, F, 
In addition to the above a long and hot walk only 
yielded one Ganoris canidia, $; two Terias hecabe, a f of 
the variety without the ‘‘dog’s head,” and a large but 
otherwise normal $; two Blues, a Zizera karsandra, 
Moore, and a Z maha, Koll, var. diluta, Feld.; one 
Precis orithyia ; a dingy Skipper, Gegenes nostrodanvus, Fab., 
and a micro, Zinegeria, sp. Some puddles of water at 
the baggage-mules’ drinking-place proved very attractive, 
yielding Argynnis niphe, a 9, Tarucus theophrastus, F., 
a ¢, and the conspicuous Hipparchia parisatis. 
The next day (Oct. 29th) I lighted upon an oasis in the 
desert in the shape of the staff-sergeant’s garden, where 
irrigation had produced a brilliant mass of flowers, some 
vegetables, and a small field of lucerne. Here butterflies 
abounded : Zerias hecabe, without the “dog’s head mark,” 
was in plenty among the lucerne as well as at the marigolds ; 
the lucerne also yielded both Colias field and C. ~ erate, 
the eastern form of hyale. Among the Danaids Limnas 
chrysippus was common, and JD. genutia, Cr., abundant at 
the marigold flowers, at which also one Z%rwmala limniace, 
Cr., was taken. Athyma perius, Linn,, was rather com- 
