Observed in a tour through India and Ceylon. 91 
black and grey blue, mahogany-brown and black, black and 
cream colour, black and coral-red, black and yellow, or sky- 
blue and black, afforded indeed a glorious sight not soon to 
be forgotten. Alas! such a tropical glory takes much 
colour out of the most vivid mental pictures of butterfly 
life at home. 
In a shady grove not far from these flowers ZLiimnas 
genutia was simply swarming, as many as ten or even twenty 
being in sight at once, for it is one of the most gregarious 
butterflies that I have met with. A few observations on 
this species and Zirwmala limniace failed to detect any 
odour, but it was far otherwise with Delias eucharis, of 
which several specimens had a distinct sweet scent, very 
like that of G. rape. My strong impression is that this 
scent is confined to the male, but I cannot, unfortunately, 
speak with certainty on the point. The male of Huphina 
nerissa has a distinct scent, also like that of G. rape, 
although the butterfly more resembles G. napi. The scent 
of these two butterflies is neither so strong nor so unmis- 
takably characteristic as that of G. napi, but its existence 
is quite beyond question. 
These scents are not easy to deal with. The human 
nasal organ is but a poor affair at best, moreover scents 
are very hard to describe, and these butterfly odours are 
only suggestive of, certainly not identical with, those to 
which I have, for want of any better standard, compared 
them. Then the scents are transient and may easily be 
scattered by the wind or overpowered by neighbouring 
flowers. Again the scales, independently of any scent, are 
uritating to the mucous membrane. Lastly, any one who 
has tried to use the sense of smell for diagnostic purposes 
must know how eventhe most volatile perfumeis apt to linger 
on, lurking as it would appear in the cavernous recesses of 
the nose. Of course it is much easier to determine in the 
field whether or no a scent is sexual in those species in 
which the sexes are distinguishable by very obvious 
characters. Lastly, it should never be forgotten that in all 
probability the scents described are far more obvious to 
the insects themselves than to human observers. 
Only a solitary representative of the Huplwa group 
appears among the Toliganj specimens, but its envelope 
bears the note: “Common, has a slight peculiar scent, 
rather disagreeable.” Most probably I believed this at the 
time to be the common Calcutta species Crastia core, but 
it turns out to be Pademma kollari, Feld., and it is now 
