Observed in a tour through India and Ceylon. 95 
a typical shade-loving genus. The existence of shade- 
loving butterflies would seem to be correlated to a tropical 
sun, but even in England P. xgeria and EF. hyperanthus, 
L., still more Z. sinapis, are what I should term “ partial 
shade-lovers.” 
In the same wood, also in the shade, Zerias /wta and 7’. 
hecabe were both common, and in sunnier glades the 
common Indian Blue, ZLampides celeno, Cr., was both 
abundant and gregarious. Ina young cinchona plantation 
close by I found Ganoris canidia; a Blue, Cyaniris puspa, 
Horsf. ; and a handsome very large Skipper, Celenorrhinus 
leucocera, Koll. In the rest-house there was a dead 
Pyrale, Lepyrodes geometralis, Guen. 
The next day, December 18th, I sent my pony on ahead, 
and walked down to the river collecting on the way. In 
the cinchona plantation close to the rest-house I found 
Zemeros flegyas ; lower down were Huthalia appiades, Mén., 
of which I saw several worn specimens; a Hairstreak, 
Arhopala bazalus, Hew., like a glorified 7. quercus; Lethe 
verma, Koll.; and MMelanitis ismene, the last as usual a 
shade-lover. 
A path leading off through the wood brought me to a 
tea-garden, perhaps 1500 feet above sea-level, where I 
lingered all too long. Tea-gardens are not as a rule good 
places for butterflies, and the flower of the tea-plant, then 
Just coming out, does not appear to have. attractions for 
them, but this particular garden, just at the edge of the 
forest, and especially that corner of it where ‘the little 
stream runs in, was certainly very prolific. 
Athyma ranga was in abundance, though worn; like- 
wise its relatives of the genus Jeptis, but the "three 
specimens that I sent home ‘belonged to aS many species : 
N. aceris, Cramer; N. astola, Moore; and N. varmona, 
Moore ; the closely allied, but brown and black, Symbren- 
thia hyppoclus, Cr.. was almost as common among the tea- 
bushes. Of the satin-winged Hiposcritia indra, Moore, I 
took two females. Of the following I got single examples 
only :—Caduga melaneus, Cr., and the very similar Par- 
antica melanoides, Moore, two black and white Danaids ; 
Athyma selenophora, Koll.; Yphthima philomela, Job.; 
Arhopala centaurus, Fab.; and Castalius anaura, De 
Nicéy., $, while another Blue, Zampides elpis, Godt., pale 
and beautifully sheeny, was common. I also missed what 
was, I believe, Libythea rama, Moore. There were in 
