114 Dr. G. B. Longstaff’s Notes on. the Butterflies 
near the foot of the hills. Accordingly I went with him 
on March 2nd, and again alone on the following day. 
This involved travelling by an early goods-train to Kallar, 
the first station on the mountain railway above Mettu- 
palaiyam, about 2000 ft. above the sea, but only 200 ft. to 
300 ft. above the plain. Here, as in other parts of India, 
the best places for insects, at any rate in the winter season, 
are to be found in the belt of jungle at the foot of the 
hills, or in the woods on their lower slopes. But it is just 
in these places where the dreaded Anopheles is as abund- 
ant as the Rhopalocera, and the station-master at Kallar 
told me that entomologists always slept at Konur and 
went up and down by train to avoid the nocturnal 
terrors of the deadly malaria—the tiny, innocent-looking 
Anopheles ! 
The collecting-ground was various, and included, besides 
bushy jungle with plenty of flowers near the station, large 
irrigated banana and betel-nut plantations as well as the 
bed of the river with its bordering woods. 
The first thing to catch the eye was Papilio heetor, L., 
and very magnificent he looked fluttering at the flowers of 
Lantana in his crimson-and-black suit set off with white. 
This is indeed one of the most striking butterflies that I 
met with in my travels, with its wings expanding four 
inches and upwards. It proved to be distinctly common, 
but one does not get within reach of every Papilio that 
one sees, nor indeed does one succeed in netting all that 
are struck at. P. hector was accompanied by plenty of 
P. pammon and a few P. aristolochix. One of the P. hector 
brought home is remarkable for the fact that the whole of 
the tips and half the hind-margins of both hind-wings 
have apparently been bitten off, almost absolutely symmet- 
rically, by some foe. If the red spots on the under-side 
be really “ warning marks” this is the more noteworthy. 
A boggy, but sunny, corner of an irrigated banana- 
garden produced single specimens of the fine Skippers 
Tagiades atticus, Fab. [? = TY. menaka, Moore] and 
Tagiades distans, Moore. 
This same garden and the adjoining plantations of 
betel-palm (Areca catechw) yielded a tew Melanitis ismene, 
a fair number of Jlycalesis perseus, Fab., as well as 
Vphthima marshalli and Y. philomela, Joh. [= baldus, 
Fab.]; there was also abundance of the pretty and very 
distinct Vphthima ceylonica, Hew., with its silvery-white 
