Observed in a tour through India and Ceylon. 127 
its head upwards and immediately turn round so that its 
head looked downwards. This habit of resting with the 
head down is common, if not general, in the family, 
and has an obvious bearing on the protective use of tails, 
anal lobes, and directive marks. 
Zizera otis, Fab., was also in abundance, and Lampides 
celeno, Cr., was common. 
Tirumala septentrionis was not common, and the speci- 
mens netted were tattered males; one had a symmetrical 
injury near the anal angle of the hind-wings, possibly due 
to the bite of a bird. I saw a few specimens of Crastia 
asela, Moore, and secured two males, which exhibited the 
“acetylene odour.” 
Neptis varmona was common, and I took a specimen of 
the elegant Nyctemerid day-flying moth Zrypheromera 
nigrovenosa, Moore, which seems to mimic it. Of the 
beautiful Vepheronia ceylonica I took one male. Cirrochroa 
cognata, Moore, was noted flying about a particular tree 
and did not appear to be attracted by flowers; I only saw 
it in that one spot, and the two taken were in poor 
condition. Itis very like Cupha placida, Moore [ = Messaras 
erymanthis, Stgr.|, of which I took a fine specimen close by, 
at wet sand. I again confounded the two species as at 
Lady Horton’s Drive. <A few Hrgolis ariadne and several 
Nychitona xiphia were seen. A male Huphina nerissa 
had the sweet-briar scent ; a female was in fine condition. 
At the furthest point reached in our walk, by a little 
bridge, two or three spots in the damp sand appeared to be 
very attractive. Besides the Cupha already mentioned 
there was Jxias pyrene, var. cingalensis, and Papilio pammon, 
the male, was rather common. [It was also seen flying 
about bushes, but not at flowers.]| My Kallar friend 
Catophaga paulina was literally in crowds; they were all 
apparently males, sitting in dense clusters, their pointed 
white wings suggesting to me toy encampments. I easily 
netted ten at one swoop, while Mr. Freedley by a more 
cunning movement succeeded in getting as many as thirty- 
four into his net! In the same place I saw six or seven 
of the beautiful Papilio telephus, Feld., settled quite close 
together, and managed to secure three. It is a black-and- 
green species not easy to distinguish from P. jason, L. 
The females of Catophaga paulina were common at 
flowers. One of the males, by the way, had a symmetrical 
injury to the ¢7ps of the hind-wings, but I can hardly see 
