Observed in a tour through India and Ceylon. 131 
small patch of a tall, but small-flowered composite plant 
(of the Thistle-head sub-order) ; this plant did not appear 
to be common in the district, but it was especially attractive 
to a black Danaid, which was quite abundant within the 
limits of this plant’s distribution. Chittira fumata, Butl., is 
very distinct and handsome on the wing, its flight is slow 
and it is easy to catch, but like all Danaids it has a tough 
integument and is very tenacious of life. The favoured 
flower was so attractive to the butterfly that it would even 
go into deep shade to visit it. Chittira fumata may be 
said to be gregarious; it has the “acetylene” odour cf 
Crastia core, but not so strong and with a difference. J 
made no observation as to the relation of scent to sex in 
this species, which, by the way, I believe I missed at 
Hatton. 
Near this same spot I took two Crastia asela, Moore, and 
saw others. I also got one Danais septentrionis, Butl. 
The inevitable Lycznids were worn Talicada nyscus ; 
Jamides bochus, Cr.. one; and Polyommatus beticus, which 
was common. 
It was interesting to watch the pretty little honey-birds 
feeding at some tall spikes of flowers. 
Horton Plains, alt. 7000 ft. 
March 23rd, 1904. 
This beautiful district gives one some idea of what 
Ceylon was before the era of tea-planting. Situated 
about 2500 ft. above the railway and approached by steep 
zigzag paths through rather poor woods, are extensive 
rolling plains of coarse grass, locally called “ patnas” ; 
these are surrounded by woods having a general temperate 
zone character, but with here and there an epiphytal orchid 
to remind one that the latitude is but 7° N. In the 
swampier parts of the patnas the devastating work of 
wild pigs was evident enough, while the paths through 
woods, and unmistakable droppings, proved that wild 
elephants had passed not many days before. It was how- 
ever not the season for butterflies, the air being too 
exhilarating for their luxurious ways. 
About half-a-dozen Chittira jfumata were seen at 
elevations of 6000—7000 ft., mostly at their favourite 
