some Rest-attitudes of Butterflies. 114 
fond of settlmg when meaning to remain settled 
for some time. In bright sunshine they often settle 
on flowers with wings partly or entirely spread, but 
in dull windy weather like this morning’s, they are 
apt not to fly unless disturbed, and then to settle 
again very soon. I disturbed one G. rapa, f, eight 
times and watched it settle again seven times. 
Five times it settled on bramble, although there 
was plenty of other vegetation. Of the other two 
times, the first was on the head of a yarrow, and 
the second on another low plant close to a spray 
of bramble with recurved leaves, which it closely 
resembled at a little distance. 
Aug. 27. Saw G. brassice, $, settle twice on bramble 
and close up its wings. 
1898. Sept. 7. Have several times lately, when 
coming up Sandy Lane at dusk, seen G. rape 
settled, apparently for the night. Generally on 
bramble, wings quite closed. They will allow 
themselves to be seized with fingers or forceps, 
but then generally wake, and fly off if let go. 
Aug. 8. Observed that Z. icarus is fairly well pro- 
tected (i.e. concealed) on heads of bramble-blossom 
when wings are closed. 
1898. Aug. 9. Mortehoe. Saw H. tithonus, 2, settled 
on a bramble-leaf in sunshine, eye-spot showing. 
Cloud came over the sun, and tithonus shut up, 
eye-spot becoming invisible. Opened again when 
cloud passed. 
This observation was referred to by Professor Poulton. 
[Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1902, p. 372.] Compare the 
observation on Teracolus tone, p. 104, 105, supra. 
1904, Highcliff, Hants. Aug.8. Watched G. brassice, ' 
¢, settle down for the night about 7.15 pm. After 
much fluttering about the stems of tall grasses, it 
came to rest ona head of hawkweed in the pappus 
condition, and remained there with wings hanging 
downwards and closed over its back. 
Recently M. J. Th. Oudemans has published an in- 
teresting memoir entitled “Etude sur la Position de 
Repos chez les Lepidopteres.” * 
* Verhandelingen der Koninklijke Akademe van Wetenschappen. 
Vol. x, No. 1. Amsterdam, 1904. (Read at Berlin, International 
Congress of Zoology, August 1901.) 
